Вопрос № 867087 - Английский язык

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The banks no doubt perform very 1_______ functions. They collect small savings of depositors and make them available for investment in trade. They also create 2_______ in the form of credit, and offer financial assistance for genuine business purposes. The banking system will become dangerous to the society, only if it fails to maintain the confidence of depositors. The bank should also keep some investments liquid enough to be cashed at any time, to meet emergencies, and the central bank should always try to 3_______ the commercial banks in times of their difficulties. If these precautions are maintained, the banking 4_______ will be very useful in the economic life of a country.

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Tomorrow’s Farm. Agricultural research aims not only at increased quantity but at improved quality, not only at mass production, but at efficient production. Here are the most important changes that will take place on tomorrow’s farm.
It will be a very large ‘factory farm’. It will be 1_______ automated. The 2_______ will be able to produce food and other products with the quality wanted by consumers, at the times these products are needed, more or less independent of weather.
Plant height, rate of 3_______ and date of ripeness will be almost completely controllable. Crops will be changed in size and in other ways to make them easier to 4_______ and harvest by machines.

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What does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights set out?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed by the General Assembly in 1948, sets out basic rights and freedoms to which all women and men are entitled – among them the right to life liberty and nationality, to freedom of thought, conscience and religion to work, to be educated, to take part in government.
Together with the Declaration, these rights constitute the International Bill of Human Rights.
The Declaration laid the groundwork for more than 80 conventions and declarations on human rights, including conventions to eliminate racial discrimination and discrimination against women; conventions on the rights of the child; the status of refugees and the prevention of genocide; and declarations on self-determination, enforced the right to development.

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What organization was the forerunner of the United Nations?

The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security”. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to the United Nations Charter. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 189 countries.

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How are decisions on “important matters” taken?

All UN Member States are represented in the General Assembly – a kind of parliament of nations, which meets to consider the world’s most pressing problems. Each Member State has one vote. Decisions on “important matters”, such as international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget and the budget for peacekeeping, are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by taking a formal vote.
The Assembly holds its annual regular session from September to December. When necessary, it may resume its session, or hold a special or emergency session on subjects of particular concern. When the Assembly is not meeting, its six main committees, other subsidiary bodies and the UN Secretariat carry out its work.

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What does the Convention on the Rights of the Child spell out?
The human rights of children and the standards to which all governments must aspire in realizing these rights for all children, are formulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention is the most universally accepted human rights instrument in history – it has been ratified by every country in the world except two. By ratifying this instrument, national governments have committed themselves to protecting and ensuring children’s rights.
Built on varied legal systems and cultural traditions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a universally agreed set of non-negotiable standards and obligations. It spells out the basic human rights that children everywhere – without discrimination – have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation, and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life.
Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects children’s rights by setting standards in health care, education and legal, civil and social services. These standards are benchmarks against which progress can be assessed. States that are party to the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child.