Вопрос № 800737 - Английский язык

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Usually, the debtor keeps possession of the liened property as long as the debt is not in default. Mortgages on homes are very common examples of this type of secured debt. However, if there is a default, the creditor is allowed to peacefully repossess the secured property if it is movable, such as a car or TV.

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In the pledge, the pledgee must treat the property with reasonable care. The property may be repledged to a third party on terms which do not impair the debtor’s right to get the property back. In the event of default by the pledger, the pledgee may sell the property after proper notice to the pledger. The pledgee has the right to make either a public or a private sale. However, the pledgee must act in good faith and in a manner, which is commercially reasonable. If the amount received, after the deduction of expenses and interest, is more than the amount of the debt, the excess must be paid to the pledger. If the amount is less, the difference still must be paid by the pledger. Upon performance of the obligation, the pledger has a right to the return of the property.

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A pawn is a pledge of tangible personal property, usually of small size and high value. This type of pledge includes items such as jewelry, cameras, or musical instruments. It excludes such items as stocks or bonds or other documents of value. A pawnbroker is a person in the business of lending money at interest who requires such tangible personal property as security.

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Goods that are pawned must be held for a certain length of time after the loan is due before they can be sold. In some states, this length of time is one year. The rights of the parties to the proceeds of sale are usually the same as in ordinary pledges. Sometimes ownership passes to the pawnbroker at the end of a specified time.

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The other method for creditor protection is the garnishment of wages. Once a creditor’s claim is shown to be legally valid and fair in a court hearing, the creditor may receive a portion of the debtor’s wages directly from the debtor’s employer.

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Laws that set maximum interest rates are called usury laws. Usually such laws apply only to transactions involving the lending of money, not the buying of goods on credit. Also, the usury laws do not protect corporations because they are considered to be adequately protected by the abilities of their professional managers.