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Globalization
1. Humans have interacted over long distances for thousands of years. The overland Silk Road that connected Asia, Africa, and Europe is a good example of the transformative power of translocal exchange that existed in the «Old World». Philosophy, religion, language, the arts, and other aspects of culture spread and mixed as nations exchanged products and ideas.
2. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans made important discoveries in their exploration of the oceans, including the start of transatlantic travel to the «New World» of the Americas. Global movement of people, goods, and ideas expanded significantly in the following centuries.
3. Early in the 19th century, the development of new forms of transportation (such as the steamship and railroads) and telecommunications that «compressed» time and space allowed for increasingly rapid rates of global interchange. In the 20th century, road vehicles and airlines made transportation even faster. The advent of electronic communications, most notably mobile phones and the Internet, connected billions of people in new ways.
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Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment.
Environmental challenges such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization.
Four basic aspects of globalization are trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration of people and the dissemination of knowledge.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the pace of globalization has intensified significantly due to advances in transportation and telecommunications.