Вопрос № 347350 - Английский язык

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1_______________ research аnd industrial designing. Huge radio-telescopes, 2_____________ with sensitive instruments and 3_______________ amplifiers enable man to gain an insight into the remotest corners of space, 4_________________ new and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1____________ research, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated electronic 2____________ control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
Electronics has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps 4___________ discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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The realm of 1 ______________ of to-day influences almost, every aspect of human activity, while it was only in the beginning of our century that the 2______________ idea, which was 3______________ into one of the most astonishing sciences of our time, was conceived. It was our Russian scientist A. S. Popov, who discovered the principle of wireless 4______________ that finally led to the development of electronic tubes for use in various communication devices.

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Intensive 1______________ of radio-location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum tube was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of electronics was usually 2_______________ as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled quantities of gas introduced into a "vacuum tube" could make it perform switching, 3______________ and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, "vacuum tubes" became converted to "electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in  4______________.

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The first semiconductor 1______________ was invented in 1948. It meant another important advance in the development of 2_____________. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable advantages over electron vacuum 3______________, - miniature dimensions and high reliability. Thus electronics 4______________ the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.

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Laser is an extremely simple-looking 1 _______________. It is nothing more than a cylinder of synthetic ruby about 1/4 2 _____________ in diameter and 1 1/2 inches long mounted in the centre of a spiral coil of glass. The coil is a xenon-filled flash 3_____________ very much like the ones 4_______________ by hotographers for taking flash pictures.