Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение соответствующее содержанию текста The first television inven...: ответ на тест 781532 - Английский язык

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The first television invention that had practical consequences was the “electrical telescope”, patented by Paul Nipkow in 1884. At the heart of his camera was the now famous Nipkow disk. It had 24 holes equally spaced along a spiral near the periphery of the disk. The image to be transmitted was focussed on a small region at the disk’s periphery, and the disk was made to spin at 600 revolutions per minute. As the disk rotated, the sequence of holes scanned the image in a straight line. A lens behind the image region collected the sequential light samples and focussed them on a single selenium cell. The cell would then produce a succession of currents, each proportional to the intensity of the light on a different element of the image.

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The first television invention that had practical consequences was the “electrical telescope”, patented by Paul Nipkow in 1884. At the heart of his camera was the now famous Nipkow disk. It had 24 holes equally spaced along a spiral near the periphery of the disk. The image to be transmitted was focussed on a small region at the disk’s periphery, and the disk was made to spin at 600 revolutions per minute. As the disk rotated, the sequence of holes scanned the image in a straight line. A lens behind the image region collected the sequential light samples and focussed them on a single selenium cell. The cell would then produce a succession of currents, each proportional to the intensity of the light on a different element of the image.

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Zworykin’s most critical invention was the first iconoscope camera tube, which he patented in 1923. The key to its success was the fact that its silvered-mica photocathodes stored the charges induced by the image that was focussed on them until the scanning electron beam simultaneously neutralized the charges and modulated itself.
A year after he invented the iconoscope, Zworykin invented the kinescope - a TV picture tube - thus becoming responsible for both the key transmitting and receiving elements of electronic television.

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The technical problems of colour television have been solved long ago - a German patent for the transmission of images in colour was taken out by the physicist, Otto von Bronk, as far back as 1902 - but the high cost of the equipment, especially receivers, has held up its general introduction. In America, television programmes in colour have been transmitted since the early 1950’s to a limited number of viewers who can afford the extra cost, and an experimental service began in Britain in 1955. Japan started its regular colour service in the autumn of 1960: a year later there were already 15,000 receiving sets in operation, although the price of a colour set was still eight times as much as that of a black-and-white receiver. Then the Soviet Union, too, has introduced a colour television service.

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No doubt colour television will eventually supersede black-and-white transmissions. But there are other revolutionary developments to come, such as the “flat” screen - it will replace the conventional receiver box with its cathode-ray tube. The first screen, which can be hung on the wall like a picture, may be no more than 2 to 3 inches thick. It has a fluorescent coating like conventional tubes, but the electrons from the cathode move almost parallel with it instead of striking it at a right angle. They start their journey from an electronic “gun” at the top behind the screen, shooting downwards; at the bottom they are reflected by a “reversing lens” to travel vertically upwards along the screen, which they eventually hit by the influence of a grid of conductors which accumulate electric charges from the electron beam and give them off to the screen. The flat screen will be especially suitable for colour reception.

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A solid-state television camera that can be made so small it fits into the palm of a hand is available at present.
At the heart of this camera is a light-sensitive semiconductor “chip” - half the size of a postage stamp. It receives and transmits images coming through the lens in much the same way that a 5-inch long (12.5 cm) tube does in today’s cameras. The device, though complex in principle, promises to simplify the basic television camera so that low-cost, live TV should some day be common in industry and the home.