Вопрос № 1072299 - Английский язык

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There exist different ways of producing concrete. It can be produced by mixing the ingredients and pouring the mixture into position on the very site of building. Concrete can also be produced in a factory, and used as a material for manufacturing prefabricated blocks. Accordingly, there exist the so-called in-situ (cast-in-place) concrete and precast concrete.

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Concrete is considered to be a universal material for construction. Different kinds of concrete can be used practically for every building purpose. The raw materials for producing concrete can be found in every part of the world. The main property that makes concrete so popular is that it can be formed into strong monolithic slabs. Another good quality is its relatively low cost. Besides, concrete is known to be fire- and decay-resistant.

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The roof is a necessary component of practically every 1_______. It serves to protect the interior of the building from rain, snow, wind, and cold. There exist many types of 2_______, the main ones being sloping roofs and flat ones. It is a well-known fact that every roof should 3_______a covering. The type of covering of a roof mainly depends on the 4_______ of the roof and some other factors.

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Ceilings are considered to be extremely 1_______ parts of any room. A well-designed ceiling is one of the most pleasing features of a 2_______. In modern constructions the variants of ceilings are limitless. Ceilings can be produced of many various materials both 3_______ and artificial. Their colours, texture, pattern, and shapes are of great importance for the visual impression of the room. Ceilings of any materials may be attached to wood joists. Usually they are 4_______ very carefully and tightly.

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Concrete is produced by combining coarse and fine aggregates, Portland cement, and water. Coarse aggregate is generally gravel or crushed stone, and fine aggregate is sand. Cement, sand, gravel, and water are taken in proportional amounts and mixed. The quality of concrete depends mostly on the quality of the cement used. The process of production consists in pouring the mixed components into forms and holding them there until they harden. The process of hardening generally lasts for about 28 days.
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What does the quality of concrete depend on?

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The traditional frame material for windows is wood. But in the last decades aluminum, steel, plastic and combination of these materials are also commonly used. Wood is known to be a good thermal insulator and is extremely workable. It is easily turned into sashes. But its disadvantage is that it shrinks and swells when the weather conditions change.
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What is the disadvantage of wood as a frame material?