Вопрос № 933320 - Английский язык

Barristers have to attend one of the four Inns of Court in London. These ancient institutions are modeled somewhat on Oxbridge colleges. For example, although there are some lectures, the only attendance requirement is to eat dinner there on a certain number of evenings each term. After four years, the trainee barristers then sit exams. If they pass, they are “called to the bar” and are recognized as barristers. However, they are still not allowed to present a case in a crown court. They can only do this after several more years of association with a senior barrister, after which the most able of them apply to “take silk”. Those whose applications are accepted can put the letters QC (Queen’s Counsel) after their names.
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Inns of Court in London are modeled somewhat on …

Barristers have to attend one of the four Inns of Court in London. These ancient institutions are modeled somewhat on Oxbridge colleges. For example, although there are some lectures, the only attendance requirement is to eat dinner there on a certain number of evenings each term. After four years, the trainee barristers then sit exams. If they pass, they are “called to the bar” and are recognized as barristers. However, they are still not allowed to present a case in a crown court. They can only do this after several more years of association with a senior barrister, after which the most able of them apply to “take silk”. Those whose applications are accepted can put the letters QC (Queen’s Counsel) after their names.
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The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors and the barrister live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rules. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client’s witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.

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Barristers’ protection from everyday realities is increased by …

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In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional qualifications; s/he must either have been admitted to practice as a solicitor or have been called to the Bar as a barrister. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate governing body and professional rules.
The barrister is usually thought of primarily as an advocate, since this is the work in which s/he is most often engaged. Until 1990, s/he had the virtually exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts, and s/he can also appear in the inferior courts. When acting professionally, barristers are known as “counsel”. In total there were, in 1991, 6,901 barristers in practice, a number which is just about small enough to make this branch of the profession a closely-knit unit. This point is significant, bearing in mind that the senior judges in the English legal system have, until now, been drawn exclusively from the ranks of experienced counsel.

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In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional …

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HOWARD & PRATT
Ladies’ Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago, III. 60602
USA

1_______
118 Regent Street
London W1С 37D
UK

November 22nd, 2000

2_______:
Thank you for your delivery of dresses which were ordered on Nov. 4, 2000. However we wish to draw your attention to two matters.
1. Concerning the red dresses supplied: one lot of 100 (size 12) included clothes of a lighter red colour than the other sizes. We are returning them, and would ask you to replace the whole lot by 100 dresses (size 12) in the correct colour.
2. As far as your charges for air freight are concerned, we agree to pay the extra costs which you invoiced. However your costs for packing and insurance must have been lower for air cargo, and we request you to take this fact into consideration and to make an adjustment to the invoice amount. 3_______.
We look forward to your dealing with these questions without delay.

4_______.

P. PRATT, Jr
(P. Pratt)
Buyers

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JACKSON & MILES
118 Regent Street
London W1C 37D
UK

HOWARD & PRATT
Ladies’ Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago, III. 60602
USA

1_______

2_______:

The colour of the dresses about which you complain is indeed lighter than it should be. Please accept our apologies.
3_______. Alternatively you may keep this lot for sale as seconds at a reduced price of $1,120.
You are perfectly correct in saying that packing and insurance costs are normally less for cargo sent by air. May we remind you, however, that your request to send the goods by air was made at short notice. It was not possible for us to use the lighter air freight packing materials, as most of the dresses were ready for shipment by sea freight.
Furthermore, our insurance is on an open policy at a flat rate, and depends on the value of the goods, not the method of transport. For these reasons our invoice No. 14596 dated 15th Nov., 2000 is still valid, and we look forward to receiving your remittance when due.

4_______,

D.A. Leary
Manager Export Department
Seller