Вопрос № 1072605 - Английский язык

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Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
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Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
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Both fusion and splitting of nuclei …

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Many people 1_______ Benjamin Franklin as a writer, statesman, and patriot who did much to establish the United States of America. Franklin, however, was also a 2_______ scientist who carried out important experiments in electricity, and the inventor of the lightning rod and a stove that is still in use today. He also 3_______ the use of the electrical terms “positive” and “negative”. In his 4_______ experiment, Franklin showed that lightning was the same form of energy as static electricity. He did this by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. He put his finger near a key attached to the metal kite string, and a spark jumped between them.

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A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bonds. The molecules of an 1_______ are identical and contain atoms of one type only. Oxygen gas, for example, has 2_______ made up of two oxygen atoms. The molecules of a compound are also 3_______, but in this case each molecule 4_______ atoms of more than one type. In water, for example, each molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. All gases, most liquids, and many nonmetallic solids consist of molecules.

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The English physicist Joseph Thomson made a major breakthrough in scientific understanding of the structure of the atom, proposing a model that became known as the Thomson atom. His work 1_______ practical proof on many of the new theories that were being put forward about 2________ structure. Several years later, in 1906, he received a Nobel Prize for physics for his research into the electrical conductivity of gases. Thomson was a 3_______ teacher and an outstanding scientist. Seven of his students and 4_______ also received Nobel Prize for their work.

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Everything in the world is in motion. Some forms of motion we can see clearly, such as the flight of an airplane. But even objects that seem still, such as rocks and buildings, contains atoms (tiny particles) that move minutely, or vibrate. The Earth itself is moving around the sun, and the entire universe is expanding. All motion requires force to start, to change speed or direction, or to stop.
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What does all motion require?