Acute bronchitis is the disease of the bronchi. It is the inflammation of the bronchi. Its main symp...: ответ на тест 605370 - Английский язык

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Cough is one of the commonest symptoms in childhood as well as at any age. It is important to understand that coughing is quite a normal act, as it is one of the body’s ways of protecting the bronchial tubes and lungs. Any irritation of the bronchial tree or the trachea excites a reflex one cough. There are two main causes of this irritation. Firstly, it may be due to mucus which comes down the back of the nose. The cough reflex is to prevent the entering of mucus into the bronchial tubes. Secondly, infection may cause inflammation of the trachea and this produces the cough reflex.
Many children who have a persistent cough have no disease in their chest. When the doctor examines such a child with his stethoscope there is no abnormality to be heard. However, in some children coughing is due to impairment in the chest itself. The cough is an expression of the normal defences of the chest, but in this case the bronchial tubes are inflamed.  
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There are two main _______.

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Cough is one of the commonest symptoms in childhood as well as at any age. It is important to understand that coughing is quite a normal act, as it is one of the body’s ways of protecting the bronchial tubes and lungs. Any irritation of the bronchial tree or the trachea excites a reflex one cough. There are two main causes of this irritation. Firstly, it may be due to mucus which comes down the back of the nose. The cough reflex is to prevent the entering of mucus into the bronchial tubes. Secondly, infection may cause inflammation of the trachea and this produces the cough reflex.
Many children who have a persistent cough have no disease in their chest. When the doctor examines such a child with his stethoscope there is no abnormality to be heard. However, in some children coughing is due to impairment in the chest itself. The cough is an expression of the normal defences of the chest, but in this case the bronchial tubes are inflamed.  
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There are two main _______.

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Louis Pasteur was born in 1822. He was a prominent French chemist, one of the founders of modern microbiology.
His research work helped much to establish the field of bacteriology. In his early years Pasteur devoted his energies to the discovery of microorganisms in wine and beer production. He introduced the idea of heat sterilization (pasteurization) for these products and milk too.
In later life he became interested in hydrophobia. Working in this field he developed the principle that viral pathogenic properties could be attenuated by passing the virus through the body of a proper animal. On the basis of these observations he developed a vaccine for hydrophobia.
Continuing his investigation L. Pasteur discovered the method to prevent some infectious diseases by introducing attenuated causative agents. This method is known as vaccination. It has helped to fight against many infectious diseases.
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In later life he became interested in _______.

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In 1871 the prominent Russian doctor V.A. Manassein published his report in which he described his numerous experiments with “penicillium glaucum”. During his observations of this particular plant V.A. Manassein discovered that many bacteria did not multiply and did not produce new ones in its presence. Due to this phenomenon V.A. Manassein began to investigate the properties of this plant. He determined that it grew well only in such an environment which was provided with oxygen, that is it was aerobic. The young culture of penicillium glaucum destroyed bacteria rapidly, they could not multiply and even disappeared in its presence. The great significance of penicillium glaucum as a protective agent against bacterial infection was clearly determined.
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The young culture of penicillium glaucum destroyed bacteria rapidly, they could not multiply and _______.

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In 1872 the Russian scientist Professor of skin diseases A.G. Polotebnov published his article on penicillium glaucum.
He observed the same phenomenon which had been described by V.A. Manassein a year before. Professor A.G. Polotebnov used penicillium glaucum in his practice treating wounds and some skin diseases. The results of the treatment with penicillium glaucum were effective:
it controlled the development of infection and decreased the spread of microbes.
These Russian scientists were the first to observe the specific properties of penicillium glaucum though they were not able to use it in its pure form in medical treatment. The discovery of penicillin was made by the great English scientist Alexander Fleming in 1929.
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Professor A.G. Polotebnov used penicillium glaucum in his practice treating wounds and _______.

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A man 34-years of age had symptoms of bronchopulmonary disease, cough and fever which were controlled by penicillin. The X-ray examination of the chest showed a cavity in the left lung. The examination of the sputum for tubercle bacilli was negative. Two months later the patient re-entered the hospital, complaining of loss of weight.
The bronchopulmonary symptoms had become worse. He also had general cutaneous hypersensitivity and, for the preceding four days, constant bad headaches and left hemiparesis. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Within four days meningitis developed. The patient died in coma. An isolated small abscess of the upper lobe of the left lung and an isolated abscess of the right cerebral hemisphere were found at necropsy.
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Within four days _______.