Вопрос № 1083279 - Английский язык

Дополните диалог:
Security Officer 1: Excuse me, madam. 1_______, please.
Madam: Of course.
Security Officer 1: What’s this?
Madam: It’s a camera. It’s for my son.
Security Officer 1: And what are these?
Madam: They’re discs for the camera. It’s 2_______.
Security Officer 2: Open your bag, please, sir.
Man: OK.
Security Officer 2: What’s this?
Man: It’s a laptop computer, for my work.
Security Officer 2: Mmm. And what are these?
Man: They’re magazines – 3_______.
Security Officer 2: And this?
Man: It’s a scarf, for my wife.
Security Officer 1: Open your handbag, please.
Madam: Oh, 4_______?
Security Officer 1: What’s this?
Madam: It’s my wallet, of course!

Дополните диалог:
Customer Officer: Good afternoon, sir. Have you anything to declare?
Man: No, I am only abroad for a few days. That’s why I came through the door where the notice says “Nothing 1_______”.
Customer Officer: Then 2_______, will you, sir?
Man: Well, it’s rather a nuisance. My wife is waiting for me outside and I’m in a hurry.
Customer Officer: 3_______, sir.
Man: I see. Oh, dear. I can’t find the key. I must have lost it.
Customer Officer: What a pity, sir. Then you’ll have to stay here until you get one. Perhaps, if you looked through all your pockets, 4_______.
Man: Ah, here it is. But before you open it, I must tell you that all the watches are presents for my family.
Customer Officer: Hm. There are 17 of them. You must have a large family, sir.

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Fashion
1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.
2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.
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Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.
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History of the Written Language
1. The first type of messages that we find in the history records were a series of pictures that told a story known as pictographs. From pictographs developed more sophisticated ways of communicating through ideographs. Ideographs substituted symbols and abstractions for pictures of events. A symbol of a star represented the heavens or a peace pipe represented peace. Native Americans and Egyptians are examples of some folks who used ideographs. Chinese alphabets are still based on ideographs. From ideographs developed a system pioneered by the Egyptians known as hieroglyphics.
2. At around 1200 BC, the Phoenicians gained their independence from the Egyptians and developed their own alphabet that was the first to be composed exclusively of letters. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician language and began to develop the true beginnings of our modern alphabet. The Greeks refined the Phoenician language by adding the first vowels (5 of them). Their language did not have punctuation, lowercase letters or spaces between words.
3. The next great civilization, the Romans further developed the alphabet by using 23 letters from the Etruscans who based their language on the Greek. Charlemagne ordered a system of writing called the Caroline Miniscule which for the first time had the first lowercases that were more than just small versions of uppercase letters. In 1500, a printer by the name of Aldus Manutius for the first time invented the concept of pocket or portable books. He also developed the first italic typeface, one of the first typeface variations.
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Peterhof
1. Versailles was, however, the inspiration for Peter the Great’s desire to build an imperial palace in the suburbs of his new city and, after an aborted attempt at Strelna, Peterhof – which means «Peter’s Court» in German – became the site for the Tsar’s Monplaisir Palace, and then of the original Grand Palace. The estate was equally popular with Peter’s granddaughter, Empress Elizabeth, who ordered the expansion of the Grand Palace and greatly extended the park and the famous system of fountains, including the truly spectacular Grand Cascade. The Peterhof ensemble includes the Upper and Lower Parks with 150 fountains spurting upwards powerful jets.
2. Improvements to the park continued throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Catherine the Great, after leaving her own mark on the park, moved the court to Pushkin, but Peterhof once again became the official Imperial Residence in the reign of Nicholas I, who ordered the building of the modest Cottage Palace in 1826.
3. Like almost all St. Petersburg’s suburban estates, Peterhof was ravaged by German troops during the Second World War. It was, however, one of the first to be resurrected and, thanks to the work of military engineers and over 1,000 volunteers, most of the estate’s major structures had been fully restored by 1947.
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