Вопрос № 607718 - Английский язык

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In the realm of foreign commerce, the US led the world in value of imports in 1986, and was second only to Federal Republic of Germany in value of exports. Exports of domestic merchandise, raw materials, agricultural and industrial products, and military goods amounted in 1985 to nearly $207 billion. One rapidly growing export category was computers, which rose from $1.2 billiоn in 1970 to $13.8 in 1985, frain exports rose from $2.6 to $11.25 in 1985.

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The UK, the world's fourth-largest trading nation, is highly dependent on foreign trade. It must export almost all its copper, ferrous metals, lead, zinc, rubber, and raw cotton. Its exports, about 67 % of which are manufactured goods, account for more than 30 % of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Principal trade partners in 1986 were as follows: Federal Republic of Germany, US, France.

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There are some institutions and policies in the world that foster international trade. If these institutions did not exist, many companies would not at all be able to go international. The U.S. government created the Export - Import Bank (Eximbank) in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Eximbank makes loans to U.S exporters and foreign buyers of U.S. imports if private financing is not available. A firm can also buy insurance from the Foreign Credit Insurance Association (FCIA) to cover political risk (such as expropriation and loss due to war). The exporter can also buy insurance coverage on credit sales to foreign customer.

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The mineral industry in the United Kingdom accounts for approximately 6 percent of the gross national product (GNP) but employs less than 1 percent of the work force. Production from oil fields in the North Sea has allowed the United Kingdom to become virtually self-sufficient in petroleum. The United Kingdom’s coal industry, despite its steady decline since the early 1950s, remains one of the largest - and most technologically advanced in Europe.

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Banking and financial market operations in 1_________ involve a number of special institutions and financial 2_________ which, as a result of deregulation and new legislative frameworks, are increasingly integrating. Many 3_________ and financial institutions are unique to Britain and offer highly specialized services  to individuals, companies and sovereign bodies all over the 4_________.

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The Bank of England in the heart of the City of 1________. is Britain’s central 2________ . It is a banker to the 3_____________ banks and to the Government; manager of the National Debt; ‘’lender of last resort”; regulator of monetary and credit conditions; and, not least supervisor of the banking 4________.