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FIRST PERSONAL COMPUTERS
1. Personal computer is a computer designed for use by only one person at a time. It is a type of microcomputer - i.e., a small digital computer that uses only one microprocessor. A typical personal computer assemblage consists of a central processing unit, primary, or internal, memory, consisting of hard magnetic disks and a disk drive; various input/output devices, including a display screen, keyboard and mouse, modem, and printer; and secondary, or external, memory, usually in the form of floppy disks or CDs.
2. Computers small and inexpensive enough to be purchased by individuals for use in their homes first became feasible in the 1970s, when large-scale integration made it possible to construct a sufficiently powerful microprocessor on a single semiconductor chip. A small firm named MITS made the first personal computer, the Altair. This computer, which used the Intel Corporation's 8080 microprocessor, was developed in 1974. Though the Altair was popular among computer hobbyists, its commercial appeal was limited, since purchasers had to assemble the machine from a kit.
3. The personal computer industry truly began in 1977, when Apple Computer, Inc. introduced the Apple II, one of the first pre-assembled, mass-produced personal computers. Radio Shack and Commodore Business Machines also introduced personal computers that year. These machines used 8-bit microprocessors and possessed rather limited memory capacity. But because personal computers were much less expensive than mainframes, they could be purchased by individuals, small and medium-sized businesses, and primary and secondary schools.
4. The IBM Corporation, the world's dominant computer maker, did not enter the new market until 1981, when it introduced the IBM Personal Computer, or IBM PC which was only slightly faster than rival machines, but it had about 10 times their memory capacity, and it was backed by IBM's large sales organization.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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The first IBM PC was nearly as fast as rival machines.
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