Вопрос № 222935 - Английский язык

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There are 51 basic legal systems in the United States: the federal system and a separate system in each of the 50 states. Although these systems are mainly similar, they also have important differences. For example, laws governing marriage and divorce are not the same in all states. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign (independent).

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There are two distinct kinds of lawyer in Britain. One of these is a solicitor. Everybody who needs a lawyer has to go to one of these. They handle most legal matters for their clients, including the drawing up of documents (such as wills, divorce papers and contracts), communicating with other parties, and presenting their clients’ cases in magistrates’ courts. However, only since 1994 have solicitors been allowed to present cases in higher courts. If the trial is to be heard in one of these the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of lawyer – a barrister. The only function of barristers is to present cases in court.
The training of the two kinds of lawyer is very different. For example, all solicitors have to pass the Law Society exam. They study for this exam while “articled” to established firms of solicitors, where they do much of the everyday junior work until they are qualified.

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Solicitors present their clients’ cases in …

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American apartments are usually described as one-bedroom, two-bedroom or three-bedroom apartments. Two- and three-room apartments usually have a connecting living-room; frequently they have two bathrooms. Virtually all apartments have built-in closets with which are used instead of wardrobes. Frequently apartments are without lights but have several outlets for table or floor lamps. The walls аre often painted rather than wall-papered. The entrance generally is directly into the living room area; halls are rarely in evidence. Floors are generally covered with wall-to-wall carpeting. Apartment buildings usually have laundry on the ground floor. Almost all apartments have refrigerators, people now use microwave ovens which provide very convenient and cooking. Most apartments and houses have central thermostat which regulate the temperature.

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By 1765, the American Colonies had more than 20 newspapers. 1________________________. The act required that special tax stamps be placed on all newspapers, legal documents, and other printed material. 2________________________. 3___________________________. In 1766, Parliament repeated the law. 4__________________________.

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1_________________________. By 1830, the country had about 1,000 papers. 2_________________________. They also sold for about 6 cents a copy – far more than working-class people could afford. 3__________________________. 4_______________________________. It was the first victory.

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1__________________________. The newspapers shared the cost of receiving news from telegraph agents throughout the nation and sold the reports to other papers. 2__________________________. During the Civil War (1861-1865), Northern newspapers sent more than 100 reporters to cover the battles in the South.
3__________________________. During this period, American newspapers increasingly emphasized stories that dealt with crimes, disasters, and scandals. 4______________________________.