Вопрос № 1072274 - Английский язык

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By disease in plant is meant some disturbance in the normal life-processes which affects either a particular organ or the entire plant, and which sometimes leads to premature death. Cultivated plants are usually more liable to disease than wild plants. The losses caused by plant diseases are sometimes enormous, and cultivation of certain crops in some countries had been abandoned in the past owing to the ravages of disease. Storage losses through disease may be severe. Disease in plants may be brought about either through attack by some kind of parasite or by some autonomous, functional derangement.

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Chemical pesticides are used in nearly all farming operations undertaken in developed countries. However, increasing concern over the harmful effects that pesticides may have on the environment has led to the use of alternative forms of pest control. For example, farmers use crop rotation to prevent pests that feed on a certain crop. Also, certain pests are controlled by introducing an organism that damages or kills the pests, but leaves the crops unharmed. Finally, some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to pests.
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Some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to …

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Nearly all the field crops grown on the farms are planted by machines called planters or drills. These machines cut furrows in the soil, drop seeds into each furrow, and cover the seeds with soil – all in one operation. Some fertilizers and pesticides are applied to the soil during planting. Equipment to distribute the chemicals may be attached to the seed drill. Herbicides applied before or during planting kill many kinds of weeds, but not all. Some weeds may develop with the crops. Farmers control such weeds with cultivators. These devices stir the soil between rows and so uproot and bury any weeds.
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Some fertilizers and pesticides are …

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The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too. During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas, it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.
The European voyages of discovery that began in the 1400s greatly affected agriculture throughout the world. In various parts of the Americas, Indian farmers grew cocoa beans, corn, peanuts, peppers, rubber trees, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.
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On most European farms horses gradually replaced …

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22 May, 2011
1_______,
It was distressing to learn that the butter we shipped to your firm last week arrived in bits. 2_______, a new shipment for 30$ left our dock this morning and is scheduled for afternoon delivery to you on May 26th. Please turn over the damaged goods to the driver at the time of deliver.
3_______ that this unfortunate incident occurred and sincerely appreciate your continued patronage.
4_______,
Mr Norman

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1_______,
Dear Mr. Lesage,
I have pleasure in confirming your appointment as our representative in France with effect from June 1st 2010.
We have considered the large scale potential of developing our exports to Europe. With your experience in the French agricultural market 2_______that you will be able to make a substantial contribution towards promoting our image and our merchandise, which has already proved so acceptable in the U.K. and other countries.
3_______ we should be pleased to make available to you a commission rate of 10% of orders which are placed with us and which we have confirmed and delivered.
We should also be responsible for expenses in respect of visits to this country. We should also be prepared to reimburse you for expenses incurred on behalf of our executives who visit France.
It is our intention to review the terms of our association at six-monthly intervals.
I may say how much we look forward to 4_______and the prospect of developing our activities in France.
Yours sincerely,
John Baxter
Managing Director