Вопрос № 911490 - Английский язык

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Dynamo is a common 1_______ for converting mechanical energy into electric energy. This process 2_______ on the fact that if an electrical conductor moves across a magnetic field, an electric current flows in the conductor.
Usually a 3_______ includes an electromagnet, called the field magnet, between the poles of which a suitable conductor, usually in the form a coil, called the armature, is rotated. The mechanical energy of the rotation, in the form of a current in the armature, is thus converted into 4_______ energy.

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An electric capacitor
1. An electric capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical electric capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric; for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Electric capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.
2. When there is a potential difference across the conductors, a static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal electric capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.
3. The capacitance is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of conductor, hence, the capacitor conductors are often called plates, referring to an early means of construction. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance.
4. The capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies, in electric power transmission systems for stabilizing voltage and power flow, and for many other purposes.
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In what form are capacitors used in electric devices?

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Wells
Look at the three types of wells in FIG.1. 1_______. It consists of a pipe, a point and a pump. You hammer the pipe into the ground until the point is below water level. The pipe is usually less than 10 mm wide and less than 20 m long. 2_______.
Well B is the cheapest because it has no pump. It uses a bucket and rope. The hole is usually more than 1 m wide. Well B is usually about the same depth as Well A.
3_______. The hole is usually less than 0.3 m wide, and the pipe has the same width as the one in Well A. The depth is usually more than 20 m. 4_______.

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1_______. The aggregate is both coarse (e.g. stones and gravel) and fine (e.g. sand).2_______.
1) Put two shovelfuls of sand into a wheel-barrow.
2) Add a shovelful of cement.
3) Mix these thoroughly with a shovel.
4) Add four shovelfuls of gravel. Mix thoroughly.
5) 3_______. Add a little water with a hose. CAUTION: Do not add all of the water – only a little.
6) Mix the materials thoroughly.
7) 4_______.

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Painting equipment
First, you need paint brushes. 1_______. Use the broad brush for broad flat areas such as walls. Use the narrow one for corners. 2_______.
Next you need a roller for painting flat surfaces smoothly. Use a long extension on the handle for reaching high places, such as ceilings. 3_______.
Next, you need a paint pot for holding the paint and the brush. Make sure that the mouth of the pot is wide enough for the widest brush, and that is small enough to carry.
Next, you need a stepladder for climbing up to the job, a scraper for scraping off old paint and paper from the walls, cloth for covering the furniture, and rags for cleaning paint off the floor.
4_______.

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Building a road
1_______.
Then the ground is leveled. This is done by cutting the top layer until it is flat and level.
2_______. Finally the top layer is added. 3_______. If it is a blacktop road, layers of hot tarmacadam are poured onto the gravel and pressed down using rollers. The total layer of blacktop materials is approximately 300 mm thick. If it is a concrete road, the concrete is laid on top of the gravel. 4_______.