Прочитайте текст и определите какой из заголовков соответствует тексту. Trade among nations takes pl...: ответ на тест 1046371 - Английский язык

Trade among nations takes place for the same reasons that it does within a nation: to obtain goods and services that a region could not produce itself, or to obtain them at a lower cost than they could be produced for at home. This is explained by the principle of comparative advantage, which states that as long as the opportunity costs to produce items differ between two nations, both will profit by specializing in those things that they produce most efficiently and exchanging their surpluses. Despite the many advantages of international trade, most nations have been erecting artificial barriers to the trade for ages. These barriers are usually in the form of tariffs or quotas.
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Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Trade among nations takes place for the same reasons that it does within a nation: to obtain goods and services that a region could not produce itself, or to obtain them at a lower cost than they could be produced for at home. This is explained by the principle of comparative advantage, which states that as long as the opportunity costs to produce items differ between two nations, both will profit by specializing in those things that they produce most efficiently and exchanging their surpluses. Despite the many advantages of international trade, most nations have been erecting artificial barriers to the trade for ages. These barriers are usually in the form of tariffs or quotas.

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A tariff is a duty, or tax, on imports. There are two basic types of tariffs. Revenue tariffs are levied as a way to raise money. Protective tariffs are levied to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition. The goal is to make the foreign product more expensive then a similar item produced by a domestic producer. Then people will stop buying the foreign-made item and purchase its domestic counterpart. Restrictions on the numbers of certain specified goods that can enter the country from abroad are called quotas. Like protective tariffs, quotas limit the amount of foreign competition a protected industry will have to face.

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There are a number of devices that directly affect the free flow of trade among nations. One of these is export subsidy – a payment by a country to its exporters that enables them to sell their products abroad at a lower price than they could sell them for at home. Selling the same product for a lower price abroad than at home is called dumping.

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The bank has become a characteristic institution of 1_______ economic life. The business of the bank is to accept deposits from the public and lend money to businessmen. The 2_______ thus deal in debts. They are debtors to all depositors, and if someone borrows from the bank, he or she will become a debtor to the bank. The banks 3_______ a small amount of interest – say about one to two per cent to the depositors, and charge about six to seven per cent from the borrowers. The difference is earned by the bank and out of it all administrative and other 4_______ are incurred.

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The banks in their 1_______ form gradually evolved in England, where the 2_______ men used to deposit their cash and other valuables with the goldsmith for safe custody. These goldsmiths learnt out of experience, that out of the total deposits, hardly more than ten per cent were withdrawn by the depositor on any day. Therefore, if they had kept about ten per cent reserve cash to meet the 3_______ from the depositors, they would have loaned the remaining amounts to borrowers earning interest out of these loans. This gradually became a regular practice and they started paying a small interest to depositors to 4_______ more deposits. Out of this system the modern institution of Banking developed.