Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова. Practically all building mat...: ответ на тест 932996 - Английский язык

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Practically all building materials have their advantages and disadvantages. That’s why some materials are used most widely in building construction for the purpose of binding together masonry units. Among them are lime, gypsum and cement. Last material forms very important elements in all masonry structures, such as stone, a brick.

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The Best Building Materials
1. Building materials are very important in the construction. But it is more important for any designer to select and adapt such building materials of construction that will give the most effective result by the most economical means. In this choice of materials for any work of constructions many factors must be considered by the civil engineer. These factors include availability, cost, physical properties of materials and others.
2. Practically, all buildings materials have their advantages and disadvantages. That's why some materials are used most widely in building construction for the purpose of binding together masonry units. Among them are lime, gypsum and cement.
3. Last material forms very important elements in all masonry structures, such as stone, a brick. Since the time of its introduction a gradual improvement of Portland cement quality has led to the elaboration of rapid hardening Portland cement, or «high early strength». Later developments include low heat and sulphateresisting cements. The scope for such purpose-made cements has led to the development of an increasing variety such as high alumina cement, blast-furnace slag. They may be also white and coloured cements.
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What building materials are used in binding together masonry units?

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Recently using of plastics in industrial application has grown. This growth has been due to their exceptional in-built qualities. Metal and timber often are more difficult to fabricate than plastics materials. Gears made of plastics produce less noise and vibrations than metal gears. We can say about an improvement of older materials for many purposes. New fields, which were not previously possible, have opened up.

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Building construction has its own history, which is marked by a number of trends. Let’s describe some of them. One of these trends is increasing durability of the materials. The first building materials were perishable. We mention leaves, branches and animal hides. Later people began to use more durable natural materials such as clay, stone, timber. Finally, synthetic materials such as bricks, concrete, metals, plastics were used in building.

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Cement is the most important component of concrete. 1_______. Concrete may be considered an artificial conglomerate of “crushed stone, gravel or similar inert material with a mortar”. A mortar is a mixture of sand, screenings or similar inert particles with cement and water. 2_______. The most accurate method of measuring proportions is to weigh the required quantities of each material. This may be done whether the proportions are based upon volumes or weights. 3_______. It is also widely used in large building constructions. 4_______.

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New developments of architects are known today. 1_______. Young architects from the architectural department of the Rhode Island School of Design have designed tomorrow’s houses. 2_______. The system is based on cast plastic bubbles linked together. It permits the creation of almost any size and shape of such a house. 3_______. This house has features associating more and more with modern living. 4_______. At the same time it also tends to add outdoor space to the indoors and increases the feeling of speciousness.