Вопрос № 223240 - Английский язык

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The study of communication process has led to a new discipline, known as "communication theory". The human elements in any communication process are a message source, a message medium and a receiver. This simplest case might be one person talking to another. The person talking is the transmitter or message source, air is the separating message medium, and the listener is the receiver. To communicate, information of some sort must be transferred. "Information" in communication theory is defined as any organized signal. It can be a series of letters, a series of picture scanning elements, etc.

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A communication system that does not allow an interchange between the message source and the receiver is said to be a one-way or "simplex" communication setup. One that does allow an interchange is a two-way or "duplex" setup. Noise is an important concept in communication theory. Noise is defined in communication theory as any signal that interferes with the message being sent and is an undesired disturbance in a communication system. Radio static is a form of noise. Dirt on a camera lens is noise also.

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A communication system that does not allow an interchange between the message source and the receiver is said to be a one-way or "simplex" communication setup. One that does allow an interchange is a two-way or "duplex" setup. Noise is an important concept in communication theory. Noise is defined in communication theory as any signal that interferes with the message being sent and is an undesired disturbance in a communication system. Radio static is a form of noise. Dirt on a camera lens is noise also.

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The study of electricity began with Dr. Gilbert who lived at about the same time as Galileo. In 1600 he wrote a book describing experiments on electricity and magnetism.
Russia played an important part in the development of electrical science. In spite of difficult conditions under which the scientists and inventors had to work in tsarist Russia they discovered electrical phenomena of great importance. In addition to that Russian scientists and inventors always tried to find practical application for the phenomena discovered.

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The first work on electricity published in Russia was that written by the father of Russian science Lomonosov. Lomonosov was the first to find that heat, light and electricity are different forms of movement. He was also the first to find the electrical nature of some atmospheric phenomena.
Academician Petroff was the first scientist in the world who observed the phenomena known later as the electric arc.

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Another Russian scientist Yablochkov made a great contribution to the development of electrical science. It was Yablochkov who created the principle of a transformer. It is he who found the first practical application of the electric arc.
Thanks to Lodygin’s great discovery, an electric lamp lights up our rooms.
Popov transmitted signals by means of electromagnetic waves and gave the world his great discovery - radio.
It is Lebedev who discovered and measured the pressure of light. The photoelectric effect was among the numerous discoveries of the famous Russian scientist Stoletov.
However, it is impossible even to list here the great inventions and discoveries that our scientists made in various fields of science and engineering.