Вопрос № 223938 - Английский язык

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Man has always been a builder. The kind of a house he built depended upon the climate, upon the enemies, and upon the building materials at hand. The first houses in many parts of the world were made of wood. Men tied together the tops of several trees and covered them with the skins of animals or with leaves and grass.
In other regions the most convenient building material was stone. Men began building houses out of stone very long ago. Although they were built without cement, the remains of a few of them still exist.

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Building with timber
1. Wood has a very long history of use as a construction material and for infrastructure such as bridges and railway lines. In many of these uses wood now competes with materials like concrete, steel, aluminium and plastics. For example, in Australia, there has been an average increase in house size (from about 78m2 in 1945 to about 250m2 in 2008), but the average volume of wood per dwelling has decreased from about 24 m3to 14 m3 over this time. Elsewhere in the world, where there were woods and forests, timber was a key building material. Timber is strong, warm, and beautiful, but ultimately it rots or dries out and cracks, or catches fire. It is hard to find a timber building, an original timber building, much over 750 or, at the most, 1,000 years old.
2. Timber remains a fine material to build with, although the fear of fire is always present. Wood can last hundreds of years. It can be very versatile and give a beautiful finish when left exposed. Although exposure, if not treated right will lead to rot and unsightly deterioration. One must allow for the movement of wood. It contracts and shrinks depending on dampness and humidity, but so long as it’s used alongside the right materials this is not problematic.
3. Woodworm can be the end if a timber framed house so it needs treating properly. Exterior wood will need painting or restaining every 5 years so that can be a drag. It can be high maintenance but you can’t beat oak beams in the ceiling or old varnished floorboards. Wood is a pleasant material for toys, and is rather good for small boats. The majority of furniture is still of wood because of its pleasant natural properties.
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Timber building requires …

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Yamasaki was different from other architects. His buildings give people a feeling of peace and happiness. Many of his designs have pools of water, flowers, and windows on roof to let in light. He always designed buildings to please people. He wanted to give them a place away from the busy ways of modern life.

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The combination of metals and non-metals is known as an alloy. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The alloy of copper and zinc is known as brass. The properties of alloys are often better than the properties of their constituents. That is why the majority of engineering products are made of various alloys.

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There is a lot of carbon (about 85%) in diesel fuel. There is also a lot of carbon in petrol. There is a little sulphur (about 1%) in diesel fuel and there is no sulphur in petrol. There is a great deal of petrol (about 95%) and a little oil (about 5%) in the fuel mixture for two-stroke engines. There is no oil in the fuel for four-stroke engines. There is a great deal of air (90%) and not much fuel (10%) in the fuel and air mixture.

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Copper is a red metal. It is harder and stronger than aluminium and more flexible than steel. Electric wires are generally made of copper because this metal has a high electric conductivity. However, copper is heavier than aluminium and steel.