Вопрос № 1072204 - Английский язык

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James Watt
1. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.
2. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realized that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.
3. Watt attempted to commercialize his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none were as significant as his steam engine work.
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James Watt enhanced the Newcomen’s steam engine design …

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James Watt
1. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.
2. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realized that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.
3. Watt attempted to commercialize his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none were as significant as his steam engine work.
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Everything happens because of energy. Without it there would be no life on Earth. Scientists classify energy into several different types, including chemical energy, light energy, and nuclear energy. Most types of energy can switch from one form to another. In a car, for example, gasoline provides chemical energy, which turns into mechanical energy, heat energy, and sound energy when the engine is started. All energy that comes from directly or indirectly from the Sun is known as radiant energy and makes up the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Electronics is a new branch of physics, and one that plays an increasingly important part in our lives. It is concerned with the use of electricity to produce signals that carry information and control devices such as computers. These devices contain electric circuits through which electric current flows. The controlling parts in a circuit are called components, and these include diodes and transistors. Components can amplify currents, switch them on and off, or change their direction.
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The form of energy that illuminates our world is called 1_______. It usually comes from hot objects, like the sun or fire, but it is also produced by electricity and some 2_______ reactions. Light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. It travels at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, and nothing can 3_______ faster. Like other forms of energy, light travels in 4_______, but it can also travel in packets of energy called quanta.

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The English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton was one of the 1_______ scientists of all time. His theories revolutionized scientific thinking and laid the foundations of modern 2_______. His book «Principia Mathematics» is one of the most important works in the history of modern science. Newton 3_______ the law of gravity, and developed the three laws of motion that are still in use today. He was the first person to split white light into the 4_______ of the spectrum.