Вопрос № 607741 - Английский язык

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The Bank of England in the heart of the City of London is Britain’s central 1________. It is a banker to the 2________ banks and to the Government; manager of the 3_____________ Debt; ‘’lender of last resort”; regulator of monetary and credit conditions; and, not least supervisor of the banking 4________.

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The 1_______ of the central bank are many and of a varied character. Firstly, in relation to the large number of commercial banks, it acts as a banker. It accepts 2_______ from, and extends loans to the banks in the country. The central bank is, therefore, rightly called bankers’ bank. Secondly, the 3_______ bank is the lender of the last resort, i.e., in any emergency, if the banks of the country are not in a position to extend credit to the genuine borrowers, the central bank must come to the assistance of the money market and save it from a crisis. Thirdly, the central bank is the 4_______ of the Government. When the Government needs loans for its current requirement for short periods, the central bank is obliged to extend credit to the Government.

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This is the broad title for institutions authorized under the Banking Act 1987 as deposit-taking institutions involved in the classic banking business of taking 1___________ and lending money, both in the retail and wholesale markets. In Britain, they include the retail banks and institutions which offer banking services. In 2________ 1994 there were 518 authorized banks including retail banks, merchant 3__________, branches of overseas banks, discount houses and banking subsidiaries of both banking and non-banking institutions from 4__________ and overseas.

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Retail banks primarily serve individuals and small to medium-sized businesses. The major retail 1__________ operate through more that 12,148 branches offering cash deposit and withdrawal facilities and systems for transferring funds. They provide current account facilities, 2_________ interest-bearing accounts; deposit 3__________; various types of loan arrangement; and offer an extending range of 4___________ services.

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Building societies started in the late 18th century to pool money 1_________ houses and to buy land. They currently compete with the retail banks to attract savings from and provide mortgage finance for the 2_________ sector. 3_________, they hold more savings than the other deposit-taking institutions. Building 4__________ are “mutual” institutions, owned by their savers and borrowers. Since the Building Societies Act 1986 the societies have been able to provide a wider range of services.

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In 1__________ 1994, there were 255 branches of foreign banks in Britain which, together with firms dealing in foreign securities, employ over 60,000 British people. The majority are based in 2__________, including Moscow Narodny Bank, Bank of China and 38 Japanese banks. Citibank of the US is the largest of the 42 3_________ from the US based in Britain and has extended its activities into the 4__________ banking market and joined the clearing system.