Вопрос № 800754 - Английский язык

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One of the strict-liability activities is ownership of dangerous animals. 1____________________. Dogs, cats, cows, and horses are domesticated animals. 2____________________. If the dangerous animal causes injury, the owner is strictly liable.
3____________________. If the goods are defective, and the defect makes them dangerous, and this causes an injury, any merchant who sold those goods is strictly liable, as is the manufacturer.
4____________________.

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1________________________. Just as there are many specific crimes, such as murder and shoplifting, there are many specific torts. 2________________________. In a trial, these elements must be proved to establish liability (legal responsibility) for any specific tort. 3________________________:
1. a duty owed by one person to another to do or not to do a certain thing,
2. violation or breach of the duty,
3. injury recognized by the law, and
4. 4________________________.

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Commercial paper is an unconditional written order or promise to pay money. The most common form of commercial paper is the personal cheque. It was developed hundreds of years ago to serve as a safe substitute for money.
Instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money at the bankers. Then, when merchants wanted to pay a seller for goods they were buying, they wrote an order addressed to their bank. The order directed the bank to deliver a specified amount to the person or the place of the seller’s choice. The bank compared the merchant’s signature (and perhaps a seal) on the order with the signature left at the bank. The bank would comply with such written orders because, once the merchant had made a deposit, the bank was legally indebted to the depositor for that amount. Consequently, if the merchant demanded return of the deposit, the bank had to give it back.
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Instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money ______________.

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Today commercial papers can be grouped into two broad categories.
The first is composed of unconditional orders to pay money. In this category are the draft and the cheque. A cheque is a special kind of draft.
The second category is composed of unconditional promises to pay money. In this category are the promissory note and the certificate of deposit (COD).
The word unconditional means that the legal effectiveness of the order or promise is not dependent upon any other event. IOU (I owe you) is not a commercial paper.
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In the second category are the promissory note and _________________.

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A draft is an unconditional written order by which one party directs a second party to pay to the order of a third party or to the bearer a certain sum of money on demand or at a definite time. A draft is also known as a bill of exchange (B/O).
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A draft is an unconditional written order by which one party directs a second party to pay to the order of a third party or to the bearer a certain sum of money on demand or _________________.

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Drafts are sometimes described in terms of the time of payment. If the draft is payable at sight or on demand - that is, when it is presented to the drawee by the one holding the draft - it is a sight draft. The drawee is expected to pay when the draft is presented.
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If the draft is payable at sight or on demand - that is, when it is presented to the drawee by the one holding the draft - it is _________________.