Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами Microelectronics today encompass...: ответ на тест 223099 - Английский язык

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit 1________________. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in 2____________ branch of electronics.
Integrated circuits that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in . 1________________ branch of electronics.
Integrated 2____________ that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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The conventional circuit would require approximately 40 separate discrete 1___________, 200 connections, 40 hermetic seals, and 300 separate processing operations with each operation, seal, and connection representing a possible source of failure. However, if all the elements of this circuit are integrated upon one chip of silicon, the 2_____________ of connection drops to about 14. All circuit elements are interconnected inside the package by a process 3_______________ as vapour metallization; instead of 40 hermetic seals there is one, and the three 4_______________ processing operations are reduced to approximately 30.

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Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape-recording, radio-receiving - electronics is at the heart of them all. But that is only a small part of 1_______________ and not the most important at that. Extremely complicated electronic systems 2______________ the work of huge plants, enterprises and 3_______________ stations. Electronic appliances are indispensable for planning and controlling our national 4_______________.

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Electronic computers 1______________ the trajectories of spaceships, help prepare, launch and monitor the rockets that carry the most complicated and sophisticated equipment. Radio-electronic 2_____________ ensure reliable communication with space probes at distances amounting to scores of 3______________ of kilometres, relay telephotos of distant planets. Hundreds of 4______________ devices perform various tasks on board every satellite and spaceship. It may be said that in the near future electronics will surely make great strides and help the humanity gain new victories in science and engineering.

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Intensive 1______________ of radio-location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum 2_______________ was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of 3______________ was usually defined as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled 4______________ of gas introduced into a "vacuum tube" could make it perform switching, rectifying and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, "vacuum tubes" became converted to "electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in gases.