Вопрос № 223099 - Английский язык

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit 1________________. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in 2____________ branch of electronics.
Integrated circuits that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in . 1________________ branch of electronics.
Integrated 2____________ that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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The conventional circuit would require approximately 40 separate discrete 1___________, 200 connections, 40 hermetic seals, and 300 separate processing operations with each operation, seal, and connection representing a possible source of failure. However, if all the elements of this circuit are integrated upon one chip of silicon, the 2_____________ of connection drops to about 14. All circuit elements are interconnected inside the package by a process 3_______________ as vapour metallization; instead of 40 hermetic seals there is one, and the three 4_______________ processing operations are reduced to approximately 30.

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Electronics is one of the main 1_____________, which forms the 2_______________ basis for using these new methods. Electronics studies the problems connected with the application of instruments and 3_____________, the action of which is based on the utilization of various phenomena that result from the movement of 4______________ through vacuum, gases and solid bodies.

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Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape-recording, radio-receiving - electronics is at the heart of them all. But that is only a small part of 1_______________ and not the most important at that. Extremely complicated electronic systems 2______________ the work of huge plants, enterprises and 3_______________ stations. Electronic appliances are indispensable for planning and controlling our national 4_______________.

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1_______________ research аnd industrial designing. Huge radio-telescopes, 2_____________ with sensitive instruments and 3_______________ amplifiers enable man to gain an insight into the remotest corners of space, 4_________________ new and puzzling phenomena of nature.