A list of people employed by a company and the amount of money to be paid to each of them is a an: ответ на тест 864103 - Английский язык

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Prosperity Decade
1. The 1920s were a period of great change in American life that lasted nearly ten years. The First World War had just ended, and a time of gay abandon, economic prosperity, and social change had set in. An unpopular prohibition law made it seem that breaking the law could be acceptable and even commonplace. The tone of the times was one of excitement, of excesses, of new freedom.
2. During the 1920s many people made money by buying shares, or stocks, in different companies. The price of a company's stock depends on business condition. If many buyers want to buy stock in a company, the price of the stock will rise. If many stock owners want to sell their stock, the price will go down. In the 1920s stock prices seemed to go in only one direction: up. There were stories of shoeshine boys and office workers who made fortunes in the stock market in one day.
3. People were making more money than ever before. Companies used advertising to encourage people to buy their products. Advertising became important to business during the 1920s. Another way of encouraging people to buy more goods was called instalment buying. When people bought a thing on the instalment plan, they had to pay only a small part of the total price for the thing. Each month they paid another small some, called an instalment. People paid instalments until they had paid the whole price of the thing they had bought.
4. People were earning a lot of money, and the system of instalment buying seemed a good idea. But some experts warned that too many Americans owed too much money. If people suddenly lost their jobs, they would not be able to pay their debts. Then business would suffer. But few people listened to these warnings. Business was expanding. People kept buying on the instalment plan. The golden years were up to 1929 - and then came Black Tuesday, the day of October 1929 of the inevitable stock market crash, that spanned ten years.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
If many people want to buy stocks in a company the stock price …

Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления.
When a company needs to recruit new people, it can give an announcement in the «NEED HELP» section of a newspaper.
People who are looking for a job can send a letter of application or covering letter (US – cover letter) and a curriculum vitae or CV (in US – resume) containing details of their education and experience. A company may ask candidates to fill up a standard application form. The company’s Human Resources department selects the most suitable applications and prepares a short list of candidates or applicants, who are invited to attend an Interview.
Companies can hire people using the services of a recruitment agency (in US – search firm), which provides a list of suitable candidates.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Hyperinflation
1. Inflation is a sustained increase in the aggregate price level. Economists generally reserve the term hyperinflation to describe episodes where the monthly inflation rate is greater than 50 per cent.
2. Hyperinflations are largely a twentieth-century phenomenon. The most widely studied hyperinflation occurred in Germany after World War I. The ratio of the German price index in November 1923 to the price index in August 1922 – just fifteen months earlier – was 1.02 × 1010. This huge number amounts to a monthly inflation rate of 322 per cent.
3. Hyperinflations are caused by extremely rapid growth in the supply of «paper» money. They occur when the monetary and fiscal authorities of a nation regularly issue large quantities of money to pay for a large stream of government expenditures. In effect, inflation is a form of taxation where the government gains at the expense of those who hold money whose value is declining. Hyperinflations are, therefore, very large taxation schemes.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
World Bank
1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries - mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.
2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.
3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Privatization
1. Privatization is the process by which the production of goods or services is removed from the government sector of the economy. This has been done in a variety of ways, ranging from the public sale of shares in a previously state-owned enterprise to the use of private businesses to perform government work under contract.
2. The leader in this innovative strategy was the Thatcher government of Great Britain from 1979 to 1990. Previous governments had tried limited denationalization, which is the restoration of nationalized enterprises to their previous owners, but with limited success. Privatization involved totally new owners. In some cases the state enterprises that were «privatized» had never been in the private sector.
3. Governments all over the world were confronted in the seventies by the problems inherent in state ownership. Because state-owned companies have no profit motive, they lack the incentive that private companies have to produce goods that consumers want and to do so at low cost. An additional problem is that even if they want to satisfy consumer demands, they have no way of knowing what consumers want, because consumers indicate their preferences most clearly by their purchases.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.