Вопрос № 1072689 - Английский язык

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A constitution is a political and ideological structure within which a system of laws operates. Most constitutions describe the fundamental rights of citizens. They usually include general declarations about freedom and equality (freedom of speech, freedom of religion).
It can be difficult to compare the legal freedoms of countries with different cultures and economic levels. But some comparison is possible since many countries have similar constitutional provisions and claim similar aims.
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Most constitutions describe the main …

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Human rights
1. Most of the law in the world is made by governments for their own people. But human rights are independent of any political divisions. They are basic minimum standards of freedom and security for all people. When governments do not meet these standards, they are criticized by their own citizens and even by foreign governments. Sometimes some countries impose economic sanction against those countries where human rights are violated. For example, many countries have limited trade to South Africa because of policy of apartheid.
2. As a rule, human rights are violated when governments violate their own constitutions, and very often their policies make citizens to escape to another countries. But legally, most countries of the world have signed international agreements concerning the treatment of individuals. The most important agreement is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by UN General Assembly in 1948. Article 1 of UDHR declares that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and Article 2 states that it does not depend upon race, color, sex, language, religion or any other difference among people.
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What are human rights?

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Canada is a young country, but it has a legal system rich in tradition.
These traditions form the basis of Canada’s legal heritage. Over time, they have been adapted to meet Canadian needs. The courts interpret the law in a way that reflects changing conditions and circumstances.
Canada’s Constitution is the supreme law of the country, and it establishes the framework for the system of law and justice.
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What is the main law of Canada?

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In 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms became a fundamental part of the Canadian Constitution. The Charter sets out the basic rights and liberties of each person in Canada, which must be respected by all governments. Anyone who believes these rights have been violated may apply to the courts for redress.
The Charter protects rights and liberties in the following areas:
– fundamental freedoms;
– democratic rights;
– mobility rights;
– language rights;
– equality rights;
– legal rights;
– minority language education rights.
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What does the Canadian Charter set out?

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The Constitution specifically recognizes and affirms the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada.
The laws that deal with private matters between individuals, such as property ownership, family responsibilities and business transactions, vary from province to province.
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What does Canada’s Constitution specifically recognize and affirm?

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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), maintained by the federal government, is Canada’s national police force. The RCMP enforces many federal statutes, with particular emphasis on criminal and narcotics laws.
The provinces of Ontario and Quebec have their own police forces.
Some municipalities employ a local police force. Where no municipal force exists, local services are provided by either the federal or the provincial force.