Вопрос № 347501 - Английский язык

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Only at the end of the 19th century electricity began to play its part in modern civilization. The man who achieved more in this field of practical engineering than any of his contemporaries was the American inventor, Thomas Alva Edison. He became interested in the problem of electric lighting. He knew what had been done in the field of electric lighting before his time, and he had seen some devices of his contemporaries, such as arc-lamp illuminations, which had been installed here and there. Two sticks of carbon, nearly touching, can be made to produce an electric arc which closes the circuit. Many scientists and inventors working in this field knew that only incandescent electric light - produced by some substance glowing in a vacuum so that it cannot burn up - could be used instead of gas lighting.

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Electricity is the power that has made possible the engineering progress of today. In fact, electricity has always been with a man, but only within the last few centuries he has learned to apply it.
One hundred years ago there were neither electric lamps, nor electric motors, nor telephone, nor radio. Now electricity is everywhere. We use electricity in our homes and in buildings where we work or study. Electric lamps light our rooms. The uses of electricity in our homes do not end with producing light. How many electric motors are working in our homes! Electric motors operate washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, fans, clocks, and other electrical appliances.

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Through the years other machines were invented, both to receive and transmit messages. These machines are called teleprinters. They use a code called the International 5-unit teleprinter code instead of the Morse code. It is called a "5-unit" code because a letter or a figure is made up of five impulses of electrical current, either positive or negative - three positive, two negative; one positive, four negative; and so on. All the letters are the same length in time. This is quite different from the Morse code, where E is the shortest and "nought" the longest.

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For television fans who can’t make up their minds about which station to watch, a Taiwanese manufacturer has come up with a solution. The firm has introduced a three-screen television set. The unit features a 19-inch (47.5 cm), colour screen flanked on one side by a pair of 5-inch (12.5 cm), black-and-white screens mounted one above the other. Three channels can be watched at once, and using a remote control a viewer can rotate simultaneous broadcasts from one screen to another simply by pressing a button. One or both of the similar screens can also be hooked up to a closed-circuit camera, thus functioning as a security-surveillance monitor.

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How does digital television work? Basically it performs by splitting the continuous analogue signal into a series of separate pulses. A continuously varying electric signal generated by a usual broadcasting camera is fed into an electronic device which converts it into pulses. These pulses represent binary recordings of the signal’s values at any given moment. At the receiving end of the circuit, the digital signal of binary pulses can be unscrambled back into the analogue signal which is then fed into ordinary TV sets. But the advantages of digital techniques can themselves be used in TV sets in order to improve their reception qualities considerably.

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There are different stories about the beginning of Uncle Sam, but that one Congress officially recognized in 1961 is the story that follows.
Samuel Wilson was born in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1766. He fought in the Revolutionary War with his father and brothers. When the war was over, he moved to Troy, New York. He started a meatpacking business and was well-respected in the community. During the war of 1812, Sam Wilson supplied meat to the U.S. Army in barrels marked U.S. Then asked what the U.S. stood for, one of Wilson’s workers said, Uncle Sam Wilson, the meatpacker. The story gained popularity when it was printed. Soon many things labelled U.S. were being called Uncle Sam’s, not just meat!
After the war, Uncle Sam became the symbol of the nation. People drew him and dressed up like him. Uncle Sam is a U.S.’s symbol that is middle recognized all over the world.