Вопрос № 223065 - Английский язык

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The triode, or three electrode tube, is an elaboration of the diode.
The diode consists of two electrodes. They also appear in the triode and they constitute the basis of the triode. In the triode the third electrode (the control grid) is added in the space between the emmitter and the plate.
The control grid is a metal structure which may be of different shape, depending upon the design of the tube.
The basic function of the triode is to amplify the current, or voltage or electric power. In this process of amplification the control grid plays a most important role.

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The control grid was added between the cathode and plate of a diode and so it provided the resulting triode tube with the ability to amplify tiny signals. The control grid in this tube is a circular spiral of a number of turns of fine wire that completely surround the cathode. Because of its open construction the grid does not directly hinder the flow of electrons to the plate, but when a voltage is placed on the grid it has a profound effect on the electric field between cathode and plate and, hence, on the total electron flow.

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A metal rectifier, a widely used form of rectifier, is the metallic type consisting essentially of a number of units formed by depositing a layer of semiconducting material, such as copperoxide on a metal conducting base. These units, generally in the form of washers, are assembled on rods under pressure, the number of units employed being determined by the voltage. Each unit has the peculiar property of passing current freely when the semi-conducting layer is positive and allowing practically no current to flow in the opposite direction. This form of rectifier has the great advantage of strength, absence of moving parts and relative simplicity.

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Another type of rectifier is represented by various kinds of two-electrode valves, or diodes. These consist of a glass tube or bulb containing an electron-emmiting member (the cathode) and an electrode (called the anode) which collects the emitted electrons and causes a flow of current so long as it is positive with respect to the cathode. The cathode heater is supplied with a suitable voltage from the transformer secondary to provide the heating necessary for the emission of electrons.

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Ultra-violet rays are familiar to most people as the particular art of sunlight that is "health-giving".
The effect of the ultra-violet rays is to produce in the skin the vitamin that is important for the promotion of bone-growth.
The use of these rays in diagnosis is a powerful weapon of medicine.
One of the most valuable uses of ultra-violet rays in industry is the testing of the quality of certain goods.

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It was found that if a sealing-wax rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, and a rod of glass is rubbed with a silken cloth, an electric spark will pass between the sealing-wax rod and the glass rod when they are brought near one another. Moreover, it was found that a force of attraction operates between them. An electrified sealing-wax is repelled, however, by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, by a similar glass rod.