Вопрос № 1072162 - Английский язык

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Integrated circuits can be classified into analog, digital and mixed signal (both analog and digital on the same chip).
Digital integrated 1_______ can contain something from one to millions of logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and other circuits in a few square millimeters. A small size of these circuits 2_______ high speed, low power dissipation and reduced manufacturing cost.
Analog ICs, such as sensors, power management circuits, and operational amplifiers, work by processing continuous signals. They perform 3_______ like amplification, active filtering, demodulation, mixing, etc.
ICs can also combine analog and digital circuits on a single chip to create functions such as A/D converters and D/A converters. Such circuits offer smaller size and 4_______ cost.

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In electronics, an integrated circuit (IС) (a microcircuit, a microchip, a silicon chip, or a chip) is a miniaturized electronic 1_______, consisting mainly of semiconductor 2_______ that have been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor 3_______. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the 4_______ of electronics.

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A lot of the computer systems in use today are embedded in other 1_______, such as automobiles (a car has as many as 30 or more microcontrollers), telephones, washing machines, microwave ovens, appliances, and peripherals for computer systems. They are called embedded systems. While some embedded 2_______ are very sophisticated, many of them have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no operating system, and low software complexity. Typical input and output 3_______ include switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or custom LCD displays, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level, etc. Embedded systems usually have no keyboards, screens, disks, printers, or other recognizable devices of any 4_______ computer.

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The first computer 1_______ on a chip was optimized to control applications – the microcontroller was Intel 8048 released in 1975 with both RAM and ROM on the same chip. This 2_______ went on to be found in over a billion PC keyboards, and numerous applications.
Most microcontrollers at this time had two 3_______. One had an erasable EEPROM program memory, which was significantly more expensive than the PROM variant which was only 4_______ once.

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3D models represent 3D 1_______ using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various 2_______ entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created by hand, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or scanned.
3D models are widely used in 3D graphics. Actually, their use predates the widespread use of 3D 3_______ on personal computers. Many 4_______ games used pre-rendered images of 3D models as sprites before computers could render them in real-time.

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Today, 3D 1_______ are used in a wide variety of fields. The medical industry uses detailed models of 2_______. The movie industry uses them as characters and objects for animated and real-life motion pictures. The video game industry uses them as assets for computer and video games. The science sector uses them as highly 3_______ models of chemical compounds. The architecture industry uses them to demonstrate proposed 4_______ and landscapes. The engineering community uses them as designs of new devices, vehicles and structures and some others.