Вопрос № 284139 - Английский язык

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In 1921, at the University of Toronto, Frederic Grant Banting and Charles H. Best conducted experiments that successfully isolated the hormone insulin. This hormone is used to control the disease diabetes. The name of the hormone is derived from Latin word for island, insula, because the hormone is produced in the part of the pancreas called the Isles of Langerhans.
Insulin is protein and is digested by the enzymes. Banting and Best used animal experiments to extract insulin and demonstrated that it stopped symptoms of diabetes. Commercial production of insulin uses pigs, oxen, and sheep as sources for the hormone.

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Blood glucose level
1. The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis.
2. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells, and blood lipids (in the form of fats and oils) are primarily a compact energy store. Glucose is transported from the intestines or liver to body cells via the bloodstream, and is made available for cell absorption via the hormone insulin, produced by the body primarily in the pancreas.
3. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L; however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed «the fasting level»), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar.
4. Blood sugar levels outside the normal range may be an indicator of a medical condition. A persistently high level is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, and is the most prominent disease related to failure of blood sugar regulation. Intake of alcohol causes an initial surge in blood sugar, and later tends to cause levels to fall. Also, certain drugs can increase or decrease glucose levels.
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Nina Ivanova is our best ward nurse. She works at our hospital and everybody respects her very much. In the morning she always come into the ward with a smile on her face. Everything she does in the ward she does quickly and quietly. Nina makes injections, puts mustard plasters and cups. She never hurts the patient with a rude word.
The doctors say: “When Nina is at work we don’t worry. We know that everything will be all right.”

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Another type of rectifier is represented by various kinds of two-electrode valves, or diodes. These consist of a glass tube or bulb containing an electron-emmiting member (the cathode) and an electrode (called the anode) which collects the emitted electrons and causes a flow of current so long as it is positive with respect to the cathode. The cathode heater is supplied with a suitable voltage from the transformer secondary to provide the heating necessary for the emission of electrons.

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Radio waves, light, X-rays, and some cosmic rays — they all belong to the same family. They travel at the velocity of light.
The wave has both electric and magnetic components which are bound together. At the end of its travel the wave gives up energy. The ether waves are those we know as wireless waves.
When the waves are too long they are "seen" as infra-red, when they are too short they are "seen" as ultra-violet. Shorter than thе ultra-violet are X-rays and far shorter than the shortest of these  are the  "gamma"  rays,  and  finally the cosmic rays.

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An electroscope is a sensitive instrument for detecting small electric charges. It consists of a glass-jar closed with a stopper of insulting material in which is fitted a varnished glass-tube. A rod passes through the tube. At the top of the rod there is a metal ball or disc and at the bottom of the rod two pieces of gold leaf are suspended. When a charge is brought near the electroscope, a charge of opposite sign is induced on the metal ball, and a charge of the same sign appears on the two of the gold leaves. Since, the two pieces of gold leaf now have charges of like sign they repel each other.