Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами. The bank has become a character...: ответ на тест 1046374 - Английский язык

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The bank has become a characteristic institution of 1_______ economic life. The business of the bank is to accept deposits from the public and lend money to businessmen. The 2_______ thus deal in debts. They are debtors to all depositors, and if someone borrows from the bank, he or she will become a debtor to the bank. The banks 3_______ a small amount of interest – say about one to two per cent to the depositors, and charge about six to seven per cent from the borrowers. The difference is earned by the bank and out of it all administrative and other 4_______ are incurred.

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1_______ are organizations that carry out the business of banking, taking deposits and then using those deposits to make loans. In essence, a bank 2_______ to make a profit by paying depositors a lower rate of interest than the rate the bank charges borrowers. In accounting terms, deposits are considered liabilities (because they have to be repaid), and loans are considered assets.
Banks in most countries are supervised by a 3_______ bank, such as the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, the Bundesbank in Germany, the Federal Reserve System in the United States and Central Bank in Russia.
There are many 4_______ types of bank, and the banking structure varies from one country to another.

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The banks in their 1_______ form gradually evolved in England, where the 2_______ men used to deposit their cash and other valuables with the goldsmith for safe custody. These goldsmiths learnt out of experience, that out of the total deposits, hardly more than ten per cent were withdrawn by the depositor on any day. Therefore, if they had kept about ten per cent reserve cash to meet the 3_______ from the depositors, they would have loaned the remaining amounts to borrowers earning interest out of these loans. This gradually became a regular practice and they started paying a small interest to depositors to 4_______ more deposits. Out of this system the modern institution of Banking developed.

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Apart from lending and borrowing, the banks also 1_______ some other functions of minor importance. For example, many 2_______ maintain safe deposit vaults. If you hired a vault on an annual 3_______ of a certain rent, you could keep your valuable articles there under lock and key. The bank also performs some 4_______ like acting as a trustee, or as a custodian of property belonging to a minor and so on. It charges a small fee for rendering these services.

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What do banks and other businesses buy and sell in the “money market”?
Money-market accounts allow you to write a limited number of checks while participating in the “money market” where banks and other businesses buy and sell short-term credit instruments, notes and other kinds of IOU’s that come due in a year or less. The rate of return for money market accounts is usually higher than for passbook savings accounts.

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How long can the period of time for deposit run?
Certificates of deposit pay the highest rates of interest offered by banks and savings institutions. They require the money to be left on deposit for a specified period of time that can run from a few weeks to five or more years. The money can be withdrawn early, if necessary, but not without a penalty.