Вопрос № 223761 - Английский язык

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In the space surrounding every magnet there exists what is called a magnetic field. When a strong magnet is brought close to a piece of sort iron, the iron takes on all the properties of a magnet. This phenomenon is called induction and it was discovered by Faraday.

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It has been known for centuries that certain black, heavy stones have the property of attracting iron, this property being called magnetism. A body that exhibits magnetism is called a magnet. The two parts of a magnet that show the strongest magnetism are called the North pole and the South pole.

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Any instrument for measuring electricity is known as an ammeter. An ammeter is used for measuring current in amperes. The abbreviation for the ampere is amp. there are very delicate ammeters that are used for measuring very small current. They are known as a milliammeter and a microammeter. The device for reading a thousands of an ampere is called a milliammeter while a microammeter is a device for reading a millionth of an ampere.

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All engineering materials are divided into metals and  non-metals. Copper, cast iron, aluminium are examples of metals. Rubber, plastic and ceramics are examples of non-metals. Today different metals are widely used in machine-building industry.

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We can divide all metals into ferrous and non-ferrous. Steel and cast iron are in the group of ferrous metals. They are alloys of iron with carbon, manganese, silicon and other components.
Non-ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such as aluminium, copper and others. Some of the characteristics of non-ferrous metals are high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, light weight and easiness of fabrication.

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Engineering is a very practical activity. It is the process of applying the latest achievements of science and technology into practice.
There are a lot of branches in engineering. Mechanical engineers are experts in the design and manufacture of tools and machines. Mechanical engineering has marine, automobile, aeronautical, heating and ventilating branches.
Electrical engineering deals with producing and applying electricity in various fields of national economy. It has the following branches: electrical installation, electrical generation, lighting, etc.
Components and equipment for computing and communicating are the products of electronic engineering. Civil engineering deals with constructing bridges, roads and airports.