Вопрос № 605476 - Английский язык

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Ecological concerns have affected product design and marketing, especially as the expense of product modification has increased the retail cost. Such forces, which have added to the friction between producer and consumer, must be understood by the marketer and integrated into a sound marketing program.
Even the way a firm handles itself in public life, that is, how it reacts to social and political issues, has become significant. The public’s dissatisfaction with the actions and attitudes of a firm has sometimes led to a reduction in sales; conversely, consumer enthusiasm, generated by a firm’s intentional establishment of a good public image or public relations, has led to increased sales.
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Ecological concerns have affected ____________________.

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Careers in advertising may involve working for advertisers, media, advertising agencies, or suppliers and special services. In opinion of American specialists, at most, only 35 colleges and universities in the USA have effective programs of advertising education. Fewer than 10 offer any truly significant amount of graduate work in advertising. However, advertising draws people from a variety of educational backgrounds.
Most companies that advertise extensively have advertising managers, or brand managers. Because these people help to coordinate the company’s advertising program with its sales program and with the company’s advertising agency, they must have aptitudes for both advertising and management.
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What aptitudes must advertising managers have?

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The pyramid of management cannot be ideal, as well as it is impossible to draw an ideal picture or to write an ideal poem. The present world of standards and computer control systems differs a lot from that we had some centuries before. However, these are just tools like artful screwdrivers in the hands of mechanics, allowing to operate more intensive administrative flows, and no more than that. Their efficiency and the volume of use depend on experts in business organization and introduction, who get certain orders from those who build the management pyramid. It is very important, that the creator himself set the tasks, as a rule by the main technologist. Business negotiations with partners and maintenance of one’s own interests are quite different from the routine creation of the system, the artful construction of mechanisms of business flows, the coordination of the effective schemes with the executors, and the creation of ergonomic interfaces. As a result there should be a prompt reaction of the system to the accepted decisions, the reaction being adequate on all levels.
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The present world of standards and computer control systems differs a lot from that we had ____________________.

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What is press?