Вопрос № 857179 - Английский язык

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International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to “protect” domestically produced goods.
International organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.

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The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to «protect» domestically produced goods.
International organisations such as the WTO (World Trade Organisation) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.

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Governments can prohibit the import or export of certain products for military, sanitary, moral or political reasons. A military embargo prevents weapons going to a certain country. The United States prohibit the import of certain birds and animals for sanitary reasons. Moral reasons are the grounds for embargoing cocaine, heroin and other drugs. Sometimes governments prevent the export for political reasons. For example, the United Nations set embargo on sales to, and purchases from, Rhodesia before it became Zimbabwe.

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Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. Great Britain also must import about 40% of its food supplies. Thus the country’s prosperity is heavily dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Service industries employed about 60% of the workforce, while manufacturing accounted for just over 25%.
Within the manufacturing sector itself, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; motor vehicles and parts; aircraft; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; petroleum; coal; food processing; paper and printing; textile; and clothing.

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Britain’s chief exports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, and transport equipment. The chief imports are manufactured goods, machinery, semi-finished and consumer goods, and foodstuffs. Since the early 1970s Great Britain’s trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Community, which now accounts for over 50% of Britain’s trade. Germany, the United State, France, and the Netherlands are Britain’s main export markets. The country accounts for 6% of the world’s total exports.

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The main industrial and commercial areas of Great Britain are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country’s population lives. The administrative and financial centre and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. London remains an important international financial centre, and is now Europe’s foremost financial city. Metal goods, vehicles, aircraft, synthetic fibers, and electronic equipment are made in the West Midlands conurbation. Greater Manchester has cotton and synthetic textiles, coal, and chemical industries and is transportation and warehousing centre. West Yorkshire County which includes Leeds and Bradford is Britain’s main center of woolen, worsted, and other textile production.