Вопрос № 1072602 - Английский язык

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Personal computers (or microcomputers) were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer’s CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
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A complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed …

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A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic and logic units (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires.
The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often other hardware closely linked with these) are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor.
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The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O are collectively known as …

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The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. One nucleus is split, causing many others to split, in what is called a nuclear chain reaction. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
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You put pressure on something when you apply a force to it. The amount of pressure depends on two things: the size of the force, and, more importantly, the size of the area on which it is applied. The smaller the area, the greater the pressure. This principle explains why thin stiletto heels sink into wooden floors and damage them. It also explains why a camel’s large, flat feet prevent it from sinking into the sand in the desert.
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Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have identical chemical properties and occupy the same place in the periodic table. The word “ isotope” means “same place”. It is their physical properties that differ, because their atoms (tiny particles) have different masses. Each “isotopic form” has a different number of neutrons, in the nucleus of its atoms, which gives it a different mass. Hydrogen gas, for example, can exist naturally in three isotopic forms: common hydrogen, heavy hydrogen, and radioactive hydrogen.
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Many people 1_______ Benjamin Franklin as a writer, statesman, and patriot who did much to establish the United States of America. Franklin, however, was also a 2_______ scientist who carried out important experiments in electricity, and the inventor of the lightning rod and a stove that is still in use today. He also 3_______ the use of the electrical terms “positive” and “negative”. In his 4_______ experiment, Franklin showed that lightning was the same form of energy as static electricity. He did this by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. He put his finger near a key attached to the metal kite string, and a spark jumped between them.