Вопрос № 911833 - Английский язык

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One of the main characteristics of agricultural sector is its great dependence on natural conditions, such as climate, weather, soil, etc. Farms of the same type working under different natural conditions are different in livestock breeds, crop varieties, etc.
In developed countries the productivity in agricultural sector including agriculture and processing of agricultural products is being raised as fast as in economy as a whole. The main reasons for rising efficiency are: a) better agricultural technology; b) better capital inputs, such as machinery; c) achievements in biological sciences.

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When most people think of agriculture, they perceive it as farmers producing animals and crops. Agriculture is often thought of as “cows, sows, and plows” or “weeds, seeds, and feeds”. But agriculture has changed. For years agriculture was farming, as previously stated. Nearly everyone lived on farms, and farmers were self-sufficient. Very few manufactured supplies and materials were available. Today, however, agriculture is a technology-oriented industry that includes production, agriscience, and agribusiness.

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Agricultural economics has been one of the leading branches of applied economics since the 1920s. Now it is developing rapidly and successfully as it is important for most countries of the world.
In order to understand agricultural economics it is necessary to know how crops are sown, cultivated, fertilized, and harvested, how livestock is bred, raised, fattened, and sold.

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One of the main characteristics of agricultural sector is its great dependence on natural conditions, such as climate, weather, soil, etc. Farms of the same type working under different natural conditions are different in livestock breeds, crop varieties, etc.
In developed countries the productivity in agricultural sector including agriculture and processing of agricultural products is being raised as fast as in economy as a whole. The main reasons for rising efficiency are: a) better agricultural technology; b) better capital inputs, such as machinery; c) achievements in biological sciences.

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The origin of wheat is unknown. There is evidence that 1_______ was cultivated in China 3.000 years ago and that it was chief crop in ancient Egypt and Palestine.
Wheat is the most important of the 2_______. It can grow in almost any kind of soil and in any temperate climate. It is one of the most widely grown crops in the world.
The wheat 3_______ is oval in shape, having a number of short, fine hairs at one end. It 4_______ of three parts:
1) The germ or embryo which produces the new plant.
2) The starchy endosperm which provides the food for the new plant when the germ starts to grow.
3) The various outer coverings constituting the husk of the grain, which are for its protection.
The average composition of a wheat grain is approximately:
85 per cent – endosperm
2 per cent – germ or embryo
13 per cent – husk.
These percentages may vary, depending on the nature of the grain.

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Wheat is now cultivated from the neighbourhood of the equator almost to the borders of the Arctic zone.
The 1_______ of wheat is affected not only by the climate and the soil in which it 2_______, but also by its pedigree; for instance, a weak variety can be grown in a climate and soil that usually produce strong wheats: climate, however, is the predominant factor, as is shown by the fact that wheat repeatedly shown in an unaccustomed 3_______ gradually assumes the characteristics of the 4_______ normally grown in that climate.