Вопрос № 933082 - Английский язык

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How did Hippocrates treat diseases?
Hippocrates was known as an excellent doctor and a teacher of medicine. He established medical schools in Athens and in other towns. He wrote several books and many case histories. Hippocrates taught his pupils to examine the patient very attentively and to give him quick help. He created medicine on the basis of experience. He taught that every disease was a natural process and it had natural causes. Hippocrates treated diseases by exercise, massage, salt water baths, diet and suitable medicine. He observed diseases such a pneumonia, tuberculosis and malaria and added to the medical language such words as chronic, crisis, relapse and convalescence.
Hippocrates made medicine an art, a science and a profession.

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Unlike other diseases, there is no objective way to make a 1_______ of mental illness, and very often a diagnosis is based on observations of behaviour and scores in psychological tests. The dividing lines between madness, 2_______, and normality are in fact rarely clear, though strange behaviour and impulses are usually associated with mental illness if suffering is involved.
‘Mental illness’ is a broad label for 3_______ that include
– 4_______ instability
– behavioural disorders
– cognitive dysfunction

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What is blood affected by?
A blood test is an extremely useful source of information about the health of a body. Because blood is affected by many medical conditions, the shape, size, behaviour, and numbers of blood cells reveal a lot, so blood tests are used to form diagnoses, and to monitor illness and the effectiveness of treatment. A blood test is fast, safe, and fairly reliable. Some tests can be done with only a drop of blood, whereas others may need a lot more. Blood tests give information about such thing as blood chemistry, kidney and liver function, hormone, cholesterol and glucose levels, and numbers of antibodies.

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Some hospitals specialize in a particular condition (cancer, rehabilitation, tropical diseases, etc.) or in a particular type of patients (children, the elderly, etc.) Others are training hospitals connected to universities, where patients can see highly-skilled specialists familiar with the latest scientific and technical developments. But the best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which deals with a wide range of diseases and injuries.

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Ophthalmic nurses examine and advise patients. They administer tests for visual acuity and do slit lamp examinations, test blood pressure and urine, and may make preliminary diagnoses and assist ophthalmologists in surgery. In many countries, the role of the ophthalmic nurse is expanding and they are now taking on a lot of the tasks formerly only performed by ophthalmologists. Now ophthalmic nurses treat cataracts with surgery known as laser capsulotomy, excise cysts in the eyelid, and do other minor surgical procedures.

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The eye is a genuinely amazing thing. It is a tiny, intricate assembly of light sensitive cells, an adjustable lens and diaphragm, and nerves which transmit impulses to the visual cortex of the brain. The eye has probably evolved from a simple light sensitive spot on an ancestral creature long ago into a retina and lens of great complexity.
However, it is often given by religious people, as an example to disprove evolution and prove creation – only a divine designer, they say, could have fashioned such an exquisite thing.