Вопрос № 911843 - Английский язык

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What is a modern mill?
A modern mill is a vast enterprise where the entire technological process is fully mechanised and put on a continuous flow basis. Our flour mills differ from those of many foreign countries. They have a higher degree of efficiency. Our mills are simple in operation. They usually have 5 or 6 floors, and all machines of one type are grouped together on the floor. One or two floors may be wholly occupied by rollermills, another two by centrifugals and plansifters and another two by purifiers; this enables a whole floor-full of machines to be supervised by men skilled in operating that particular type.

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What are extracted in the wheat cleaning operations?
Most flour milling operations, apart from the grinding of wheat and mill stocks, consist of making separations between particles of different types. In the wheat cleaning operations that precede the milling process the straws, sand, foreign seeds and other impurities are extracted; in the milling process itself the wheat is broken down into bran on one hand and variously sized endosperm particles on the other; the bran must be separated from the endosperm, and the endosperm particles must themselves be classified according to their size. The objects of wheat cleaning are to remove all impurities and foreign seeds from the wheat before it is milled. A variety of different seeds and foreign bodies can be found in wheat. Some of the impurities are toxic to the human body, others are less harmful but may import a taint to the flour.

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What are the three criteria that a miller has to consider?
The quality of flour is determined by the wheat from which it is milled and the efficiency and skill with which the milling operations are performed. A good wheat grist will produce a poor or unsatisfactory flour if the milling plant or the operation of it is at fault, but a poor wheat grist will yield poor flour even on the most modern and well-designed mill operated to the best advantage. The formulation of a good wheat blend is, therefore, the first necessary step in the production of good flour. The three criteria that a miller has to consider when compounding his wheat blend, apart from factors such as bushel weight and moisture content which influence milling behaviour, are protein content, protein quality and diastatic activity. The first two of these three factors jointly determine the physical properties of a dough made from the flour and hence the manner in which it responds to the manual and mechanical treatment it receives in the bakery and its ability to develop in the oven, while the third factor is an index of the power of the flour to produce a sugar from its starch.

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What are extracted in the wheat cleaning operations?
Most flour milling operations, apart from the grinding of wheat and mill stocks, consist of making separations between particles of different types. In the wheat cleaning operations that precede the milling process the straws, sand, foreign seeds and other impurities are extracted; in the milling process itself the wheat is broken down into bran on one hand and variously sized endosperm particles on the other; the bran must be separated from the endosperm, and the endosperm particles must themselves be classified according to their size. The objects of wheat cleaning are to remove all impurities and foreign seeds from the wheat before it is milled. A variety of different seeds and foreign bodies can be found in wheat. Some of the impurities are toxic to the human body, others are less harmful but may import a taint to the flour.

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The South is a major agricultural region of Great Britain. However, agricultural specialization is different in the South West and South East and East. Due to the mild, moist climate of the South West, grass grows for a long period in the year, and farming chiefly consists of raising livestock. Dairying is the main farming activity. Cereals occupy an important part of the arable farmland in the South East and East with wheat and barley as the main crops. The East consists of East Anglia and the Fens and is described today as reclaimed marshland, where cereal crops dominate. Market gardening and fruit farming are widespread in the south due to the demands of Greater London.

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Market gardening may be defined as the intensive production of vegetables and fruit for human consumption. Orchards in which fruit-growing is organized on a commercial scale are found principally in the southern half of England, where the climate is most favorable.
Glasshouses are widely used for growing tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, flowers, pot plants and nursery stock.