Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения. An enormous number of li...: ответ на тест 1105173 - Английский язык

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An enormous number of living things enter the body’s tissues, grow there and cause disease. Infectious agents act in different ways. Viruses act inside the cells. The polio virus, for example, causes paralysis by growing in and destroying a particular type of nerve cell in the spinal cord. Bacteria, on the other hand, are mainly extracellular. Malaria, which is still one of the world’s greatest killers, destroys the blood’s red cells. It is caused by a tiny parasite which is carried by mosquitoes. Its symptoms are a high fever, headache and violent shivering. It can result in chronic ill health or death.

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Leukemia, sometimes called cancer of the blood, is a disease, usually fatal, characterized by a great overgrowth of the tissues that form white blood cells. This overgrowth may occur in the lymph tissue or the bone marrow. The disease may progress slowly (chronic) or rapidly (acute). A great increase in the number of white blood cells is usually found, and there is also an increase in the undeveloped, immature forms of white blood cells. Some hopeful progress has been made in delaying the course of the disease with certain chemical substances.

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The effects of nutrition on health are both direct and indirect as health depends in many ways on the quantity and quality of diet. Large numbers of people suffer from chronic starvation, and devastating famine can result from floods, droughts and poor harvests. Even a diet which is quantitatively sufficient can lead to disease if it is deficient in vitamins. A diet which consistently lacks a sufficient quantity of a particular vitamin is certain in time to give rise to the vitamin deficiency disease.

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Cells are the fundamental units of all living things – human, animal, plant, microbe. 1_______. The human body is a congregation of an estimated 26 trillion cells that all started with a single fertilized egg cell.
2_______. The cells of the human body vary in size from about 1/10,000 to 1/1,000 of an inch.
A cell is a mass of protoplasm – a jellylike living substance – circumscribed by a cell wall and containing a nucleus. 3_______. New cells are formed by division of old ones. 4_______.

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1_______. Cells respond to stimuli from the environment outside their walls. 2_______. Thus, for example, muscle cells stretch and contract, nerve cells carry signals, endocrine-gland cells manufacture hormones.
There are many different kinds of cells in the human body, but they can generally be classified as follows:
Epithelial cells, which are found in the skin, membranes, and glands. 3_______.
Connective tissue cells, found in bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, make up the supporting tissues of the body.
Muscle cells, which have the power to expand and contract.
4_______.
Blood cells, red and white, found in the blood and the blood-forming organs (bone marrow).

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The nerve cell is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. 1_______. Typically, a nerve cell looks like an octopus.
It has a central cell body from which tentacles extend. 2_______. The other tentacles or fibers receive impulses and carry them to the cell body; they are called dendrites.
3_______. Like telephone wires running underground, they form a kind of cable, which is enclosed in a flexible tube of connective tissue. This whole cable of nerve fibers is what we ordinarily call a nerve.
4_______. The nerve fibers growing out from them will regenerate, though slowly.