Вопрос № 1072361 - Английский язык

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What is unlimited liability?
Individual proprietorship is the simplest way of starting a business. You are self-employed and fully responsible for all the aspects of the management of your business.
In this form of organization the owner himself is responsible for success or failure of his business. Any line of business is open to an owner.
Although this form of small business has its advantages, it has certain drawbacks, too. In the first place the single owner is seldom able to invest as much capital as can be invested by a partnership or a corporation. If single owners are able to invest large amounts of capital, they run great risk of losing it all because they are personally liable for all the debts of their businesses. This is called unlimited liability.

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What does a business lawyer have?
A business lawyer can help you even from the planning stage of your business and advise on what type of organization to choose: a corporation, a partnership or sole business. Incorporation or registration of the business is also the lawyer’s competence. The lawyer will be the one to draft the bylaws of your company.
A business lawyer who has profound knowledge of intellectual property laws is your right hand when it comes to protect your patent, trademark right or your copyright.

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The UK economy has recently experienced economic growth combined with low inflation and falling unemployment. In 1997, it achieved the first surplus on the current account of the balance of payments since 1985. Nevertheless, the economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and productivity, and income per head is below that of many other major industrialized nations. The Government’s economic policies are directed towards the achievement of high and stable levels of growth and employment, enabling everyone to share in higher living standards and greater job opportunities. Extra resources are being allocated to priority concerns, notably health, education, public transport, and the regeneration of urban areas and housing.
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The UK economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and …

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The Japanese have performed an economic miracle since World War II. In a very short time, they have achieved global market leadership in many industries: cars, motorcycles, watches, cameras, optical instruments, steel, shipbuilding, computers and consumer electronics. They are now making strong inroads into rubber tyres, chemicals, machine tools and even design clothes and cosmetics. Some credit the global success of Japanese companies to their unique business and management practices. Others point to the help they get from Japanese government, powerful trading companies, and banks. Still others say Japan’s success is based on low wage rates and unfair dumping policies.
But one of the main keys to Japan’s success is its skilful use of marketing. They know how to select a market, enter it the right way, build market share, and protect their share against competitors.
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Some people think that the global success of Japanese companies is their unique …

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The economy of the Soviet Union was a “command” economy. For nearly 60 years, it operated on the basis of central planning-state control over all means of production and over investment, production, and consumption. Economic policy was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of economic activity. Five-year plans and annual plans were the chief mechanisms which the Soviet government used to translate economic policies into programs. According to those policies, the State Planning Committee (Gosplan) formulated countrywide output targets for planning periods. Regional planning bodies then refined these targets for state industrial enterprises and state farms (sovkhoz) and collective farms (kolkhoz), each of which had its own specific output plan. Agriculture was mainly collective, and farm workers were allowed only small private plots. It was believed that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then demand and supply would balance.
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Economic policy of the Soviet Union was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of …

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Nowadays the economy of Russia is going through a transitional period from the isolated, centrally planned socialist economy to a market and globally-integrated economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, except for the energy and defense sectors. The majority of state-owned firms were privatized using “loans-for-shares” scheme. As a result, they were turned over to oligarchs. After the crisis of 1997 and the depreciation of the rouble followed by sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population, Russia’s economy faced recession. The economy started recovering in 1999, partially because of high export prices on oil and gas which Russia is rich in. The Russian economy, however, was hit by the 2008-09 global economic crisis because oil prices decreased rapidly, and the foreign credits that Russian banks and firms relied on stopped.
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The majority of state-owned firms in Russia were privatized using …