Вопрос № 1072231 - Английский язык

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                                     Scope and importance of botany
1. In biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification, structure (anatomy and morphology), or function (physiology) of plant life.
2. Historically all living things were grouped as animals or plants, and botany covered all organisms not considered animals. Some organisms once included in the field of botany are no longer considered to belong to the plant kingdom – these include fungi (studied in mycology), lichens (lichenology), bacteria (bacteriology), viruses (virology) and single-celled algae, which are now grouped as part of the Protista. Paleobotanists study also ancient plants in the fossil record. It is believed that early in the Earth's history, the evolution of photosynthetic plants altered the global atmosphere of the earth, changing the ancient atmosphere by oxidation.
3. The study of plants is vital because they are a fundamental part of life on Earth, which generates the oxygen, food, fibres, fuel and medicine that allow humans and other life forms to exist. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that in large amounts can affect global climate. Additionally, they prevent soil erosion and are influential in the water cycle. A good understanding of plants is crucial to the future of human societies as it allows us to produce food to feed an expanding population, to understand fundamental life processes, to produce medicine and materials to treat diseases.
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Why do scientists pay special attention to the study of plants nowadays?

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The idea of the Olympic Games absolutely captivated the modern 19th century nationalities.
A Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin may be the famous person behind the actual revival of the modern Olympic Games as we know them today. At the end of nineteenth century he had an idea to bring the Olympic Games back to life. Following his suggestion, fifteen nations met at an international congress in 1894. Two years later, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Since then they have been staged every fourth year, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the athletic talents of people of all nations.
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For the ancient Greeks the Olympic Games were a way of saluting their ___________________.

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1_______
Dear Mr Owen,
We acknowledge receipt of your letter of September 5, this year, from which we have learned that you make a claim on us for the sum of 450 dollars for the delay in submitting the technical documentation under Contract No 8.
We have carefully studied your claim and must inform you that the delay in submitting the technical documentation occurred through no fault of ours. 2_______ that Article 6 of the above contract provides for the submission of the technical documentation within three months after you open an irrevocable letter of credit in our favor with the bank. You undertook to open the letter of credit before June 5, this year; it was actually opened by you on July 25, i.e. more than a month overdue.
Thus, you have infringed the contract in respect of terms of payment, which has caused the delay in submitting 3_______ and consequently you cannot hold us responsible and claim damages.
Yours faithfully,
4_______

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29 May, 2010
1_______,
With reference to our offer of 22nd May we regret that we have not had an order from you.
Naturally, our catalogue could only show the standard types of our wide range of Heaters and 2_______ that you could not find the model for which you were looking.
If you will give us exact details of requirements we will supplement our offer accordingly and will do our utmost to enable you to find what you want.
We are most anxious to serve you and 3_______.
Yours sincerely,
4_______

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25 January, 2011
1_______,
We are obliged to the British Embassy in Washington for giving you our name and address. 2_______ we are forwarding to you today our illustrated catalogue of Electric Clocks.
All clocks can be used with А/С and D/С; table clocks can be supplied with or without an alarm. Our instruments are the product of the finest materials and 3_______ and are second to none in design and reliability.
Won’t you give us а trial order and convince yourself that our claims are based on facts?
4_______,
Wendy Smith

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1_______,
Dear Sirs,
We have received your letter of 20th December, this year, and are puzzled by your decision to prolong for only one month guarantee period for the generator which broke down owing to manufacturing defects.
2_______ to Clause 7 of our contract providing for the prolongation of the guarantee period, if the equipment breaks down owing to the defects of the manufacturing plant for the period during which the equipment stood idle.
3_______ that we duly informed you about the breakdown of the generator. Your representatives, however, arrived at the plant after a big delay as a result of which the generator was put into operation only two months after its breakdown.
Moreover we are surprised at your refusal to compensate us fully for the losses caused by the idle time of the generator.
Under our contract the Customer has the right to make a claim if the equipment fails due to the above reasons.
4_______, we would like to resume our talks and to finalize the date of the expiration of the guarantee period and to solve the matter of full compensation of our losses.
Yours faithfully,
Mr Brown