Вопрос № 1072250 - Английский язык

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Most cereal crops are harvested by using a combine – a machine that removes the fruiting heads, beats off the grain kernels, and cleans the grain as the combine moves through the fields. The cleaned grain is accumulated in an attached grain tank.
Wheat and other cereal crops are harvested by a combine which, as it moves along the rows, picks the ears from the stalks and husks them. The ears are then transferred either to a sheller, which removes the kernels from the ear, or to a vehicle trailing behind the machine.

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Crops raised to supply food human beings are called food crops. Many food crops tend to spoil quickly, and so farmers ship these crops to market as soon as possible after harvesting. Food grains, however, can be stored for months on farms that have the proper facilities. Before grain is stored, it must be dried. Most farms that store large amounts of grain have grain-drying equipment and large storage bins.
Crops raised to supply feed for livestock are called feed crops. Hay, silage, soybeans, and such grains as corn and sorghum are the principal feed crops. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are used for both food and livestock feed. Hay must be kept dry until it is used, and so it is usually stored in barns. Unlike hay, silage must be kept moist. Most farmers store it in airtight structures called silos.
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What crops are used for both food and livestock feed?

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Livestock are domestic animals that are used to produce food and many other valuable products. The chief kinds of livestock raised throughout the world are cattle, hogs, poultry, sheep, and horses. Other kinds of livestock include donkeys, goats, mules, and rabbits. In some countries, farmers raise lamas, reindeer, buffaloes and yaks. The science of raising, breeding, and caring for livestock is called animal science.
Several thousand years ago, people began to domesticate and raise various kinds of livestock. The use of domesticated animals as a source of food and power made it possible for people to settle in one place. They then could begin farming. Through the centuries, farmers improved their livestock through various breeding methods.
In most parts of the world, livestock provide such food products as meat, butter, cheese, eggs, and milk. The skins of some livestock provide such valuable by-products as fur, hair, leather, and wool.
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A domestic animal’s daily food intake is called a ration. A balanced ration contains the nutrients that the 1_______ needs for growth and good health. These nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, minerals, protein, and vitamins. Animals suffering from nutritional deficiencies produce less meat and 2_______, or fewer eggs. They may become unhealthy. Swine and poultry feed consists of various grains, by-products from food processing, minerals, 3_______, and concentrated plant and animal proteins. Cattle, sheep, and other ruminants 4_______the grasses and legumes of pastureland. They are also fed grain, hay, the stalks of certain plants, and other crop remains.

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Prevention of disease is a major concern of livestock raisers. Some diseases can 1_______ large numbers of livestock or be transmitted to people. The chief causes of livestock 2_______ include bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Livestock also can become ill if they consume 3_______ poisons or insecticides and certain other chemicals sprayed on grass and plants. 4_______ inherit sensitivity to some diseases.

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Agriculture, one of Britain’s most important industries, supplies nearly two-third of the country’s food. British 1_______ is efficient, for it is based on modern technology and research. Nearly 80 % of the land is used for agriculture. The total agricultural acreage of Great Britain is about 45000000 acres. Soils vary from the poor ones of highland Britain to the rich fertile soils in the 2_______ and south-eastern parts of England. Britain is self-sufficient in milk, eggs, meat, potatoes, wheat. However, it needs to import butter, cheese, sugar and some other agricultural 3_______. There are about 55000 farms in 4_______.