Вопрос № 1072258 - Английский язык

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Farmers harvest their field crops with machines. They use combines to harvest most grain and seed crops, including barley, corn, rice, soybeans, and wheat. A combine performs several tasks. First, it cuts the plant stalks. Then, it threshes the cuttings – that is, separates the grain or seeds from the straw and other residues. The combine returns the residues to the ground and collects the grain or seeds in a tank or bin.
Some farmers harvest corn with special machines. The machines pick the ears from the stalks but do not remove the grain from the ears. Special machines are also used to harvest other field crops, including peanuts, potatoes, and sugar beets. Some machines mow such crops as alfalfa and clover. The moved crops are left on the ground, where they dry and become hay. Machines called hay balers gather the hay and bind it into bales.
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1___________. They are crops, livestock and fish. Of these, crops make up about 75% of the world’s food production, 23% is contributed by livestock and only 2% of food comes from fish.
Many foods are obtained from farm animals. They are meat, milk and eggs. 2___________. The animals most often used for this purpose are beef cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry. Meats from farm animals are highly important as food for people. 3 __________. How do we call meat from hogs? From mature beef cattle?  4___________.  

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The foremost task of veterinary scientists and experts is the organization and carrying out of complex investigations on the problems which are of great importance for the development of animal husbandry. They also must help collective farms apply the achievements of science and advanced experience in their practical work. Veterinary service should pay particular attention to the organization of veterinary work on industrial livestock and poultry farms to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. At present due to the tremendous labour of thousands of veterinary scientists and practitioners the veterinary-sanitary status of cattle-breeding has been improved, mortality has reduced, occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases has lowered.
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What must veterinary scientists and experts help collective farms?

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There are about 55000 farms in Britain. They are not large. An average sized farm is about 30-40 acres. There are three main types of farming in Great Britain: pastoral, arable, mixed. Sheep and cattle are reared in the hill and moorland areas of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and south-western England. Milk production is of the first importance in the structure of British agriculture.
Pig breeding is carried on in most areas but is particularly important in southern England, north-east Scotland and Northern Ireland. Arable farms are mainly in the eastern part of the country. The main cereal crops in Great Britain are wheat, barley and oats. Rye is grown in small quantities for use as cattle fodder.
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What is of the first importance in the structure of British agriculture?

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Organic farming avoids the use of chemical pesticides and manmade fertilizers. Supporters say organic farming is better for the environment than conventional methods. But studies have shown that organic farming generally produces less food per hectare. That lower yield means feeding the world organically would require more land. But good farmland is limited. And scientists say deforestation from the clearing of land for agriculture is already a problem for climate change. A new study shows organic crops typically yield less than those raised with artificial fertilizers and pesticides.
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What does organic farming avoid?

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Livestock require protection from severe weather so they can maintain satisfactory growth and reproduction. Some livestock need only a windbreak or a shade tree shelter. Others live in climate-controlled buildings where the humidity, light, sound level, temperature, and ventilation are precisely regulated. Livestock raised in climate-controlled buildings are usually kept in small groups to reduce competition and fighting. The design of the buildings allows the animals to stay dry and clean.