Вопрос № 223543 - Английский язык

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Levi Strauss was in Bavaria in Europe in 1829. He moved to America when he was 17 years old. He went there to look for gold.
Strauss took a lot of cloth with him to San Francisco. When he got there, he saw that people needed clothes. Clothes did not last very long in the gold fields. He decided that he would stop looking for gold and would only make pants. He opened a small shop and made a lot of money from selling pants.
Strauss found a strong cloth. It came from a town in France called Nimes. The French called it ‘serge de Nimes’. The Americans called it ‘denim’. Strauss also bought some cloth from Genoa, a town in Italy. To Americans this name sounded like ‘jeans’ so they called his pants ‘jeans’. The cloth Strauss used was always  blue so people called his pants ‘blue jeans’ and ‘blue denims’. Other people called them ‘Levi’s’.

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Jeans were first 1_______ California coal miners in the mid-nineteenth century. They were made out of a strong 2_______ called denim. For many years they were worn by miners, cowboys and other 3_______ men. Those work pants were known as 4_______ until the 1960s. This is when young people began to wear them.

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When the first men and women had to travel over cold ground, hot deserts, and hard stones, they covered their feet with animal skins and leaves. They cut the skins and leaves and then sewed them together. Then they tied grass and skins around their feet to keep the shoes in place.
Later, people who lived in hot countries made sandals to keep their feet clean and cool. There were many different kinds of sandals. Poor people wore very cheap ones but rich people sometimes put jewels in theirs. In cold countries people wore shoes made out of sheepskin. Today, many people still wear sheepskins shoes because they are so warm.

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Before machines were invented, shoes like the ones we wear today took a long time to make. In 1846, Elias Howe made a strong sewing machine, and then, in 1858, Lyman Blake changed this machine so it could sew shoes. In 1875, Goodyear Welt made a new machine for making shoes quickly. It was called the Goodyear Welt sewing machine. With this machine Goodyear made cheap shoes from rubber. Nowadays we remember Goodyear because he has made other things with rubber.
Today, people wear shoes made from animal skins, cloth, rubber, and plastic. Shoes have come a long way from the first skin and leaf shoes – and with new machines, they will change a lot more.

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Probably since the time of the first humans, people have eaten honey made by bees. For many thousands of years, they took the honey from bees’ nests in trees without understanding very much about the lives of bees. Slowly, however, people realized that it would be simpler to keep bees than to have to try to find their nests. At first they kept them in hollow parts of trees or small clay containers which they hung from the trees. Nowadays in most countries they are kept in wooden hives.

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Most Arab beekeepers look after their bees in the same way that Egyptian beekeepers looked after theirs almost 5,000 years ago. The earliest known record of Egyptian beekeeping dates the time of the Old Kingdom (about 2,500 BC). There is also a wall painting from the Middle Kingdom in a tomb at Luxor, painted in about 1,800 BC. This shows clearly a beekeeper taking honey from the back of a hive while his assistant blows smoke into it to make the bees move to the front.
Perhaps the main reason that there have been so few changes to the way people keep bees in Egypt is that beekeeping has always been a family industry with fathers passing the knowledge to their sons. The bees, too, have not changed and neither has what they eat, so there has been little need to change the way of caring for them or the way of removing the honeycombs from hives.