Прочитайте текст. The legacy of self-government inherited from the English colonists enables America...: ответ на тест 1072385 - Английский язык

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The legacy of self-government, inherited from the English colonists, enables Americans today to voice their opinions without fear of reprisal, to choose their leaders, and to take an active part in shaping the communities in which they live. Modern Americans believe that there are natural rights – life, liberty, and property – that governments are contracted to protect. The Bill of Rights includes the following fundamental rights of any American: the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, the right to petition the government to correct wrongs, and the right of trial by jury.
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US Constitution
1. The US Constitution was adopted in 1787 after the War of Independence. A constitution is a set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth the basic way a government is organized and functions. It is very important to understand that having a constitution does not mean that a nation has a constitutional government. If a constitution makes it possible to concentrate power by one or few, it is not the basis of a constitutional government. If a constitution says that the government’s power should be limited but doesn’t mention the ways how to do it, it is not the basis for a constitutional government.
2. In a constitutional government the constitution is a form higher law that must be obeyed by everyone including those in power.
The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 26 amendments. According to the Founders of the American state a constitution or higher law should have the following characteristics:
    it sets forth the basic rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property;
    it establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights;
    it establishes limitations on how those in government use their powers with regard to citizens’ rights and responsibilities, the distribution of resources, the control of conflict;
    it establishes the principle of a private domain – which means that there are areas of citizens’ lives that are no business of the government and in which the government cannot interfere;
    it can be changed with the consent of the most citizens. This is how the Constitution differs from the ordinary law that governments regularly create and enforce. The US Constitution has 26 amendments, the first 10 are called the Bill of Rights and it was adopted in 1791. The Bill enumerated basic freedoms and guaranteed them and declared what the government was not allowed to do.
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According to the US Constitution the rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property …

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The UK has no single constitutional document like most other nations. The constitution of the United Kingdom which has evolved over many centuries is the set of laws and principles under which the United Kingdom is governed. That is why it is often said that the set of laws and principles the country has is an “unwritten” constitution.
Britain does, however, have certain important constitutional documents, including the Magna Carta (1215) which protects the rights of the community against the Crown; the Bill of Rights (1689) which extended the powers of Parliament, making it impossible for the Sovereign to ignore the wishes of the Government; and the Reform Act (1832), which reformed the system of parliamentary representation.
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Under the Constitution of Russia judges shall be citizens of the Russian Federation over 25 years of age with 1_______ education in law, having five-year experience in law. Their duty consists: in examining all the 2_______ evidence, interrogating the defendants, interviewing victims and 3_______, hearing the experts’ findings, examining the physical evidence and passing sentence which must be 4_______, grounded and just.

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The main task of notarial offices is to check the legality of all 1_______ they witness and to give 2_______ advice and to render assistance to institutions, 3_______, enterprises and individuals in protecting their legitimate interests. The duty of the 4_______ also consists in helping applicants to make wills, in drawing deeds of gift, purchase and sale.

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Advocates are united into 1_______ organizations – colleges of advocates (the Bar). In accordance with the Constitution, the main task of the 2_______ is promoting the protection of the lawful rights and 3_______ of citizens and organizations, the observance of law. Members of the Bar give advice on juridical matters, act as their clients’ representatives in 4_______, participate in the preliminary investigation and in court in criminal cases as counsels for the defence, represent victims, plaintiffs, defendants.