Вопрос № 800782 - Английский язык

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A corporation is a legal entity that is created by government grant. Courts speak of the corporation as an artificial person with an existence separate from the persons who organize, own, and run it. However, a corporation is created by people and can do nothing without the aid of people who act for it.
Although corporations are far outnumbered by sole proprietorships and partnerships, corporations do most of the business in this country.

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Private corporations are classified as profit-making, nonprofit, and public service corporations. A profit-making corporation is a private corporation organized to produce a financial profit for its owners. Examples abound: banks, manufacturing and merchandising companies, and airlines. A nonprofit corporation is organized for a social, charitable, or educational purpose. Churches, colleges, fraternal societies are typically organized as nonprofit corporations. Finally, a public service corporation (also called a public utility) is generally a private company that furnishes an essential public service. Electric, gas, and water companies are examples.

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In terms of purpose, a corporation is either public or private. A public corporation is established for a governmental purpose. State hospitals and state universities are public corporations. A private corporation is established by private citizens for a business or charitable purpose. Sometimes a private corporation is called public because its stock is broadly owned by the general public. This differentiates it from a private corporation where the stock is owned by only one or a small number of shareholders. The latter type is also known as a close or closely-held corporation.

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Private corporations are classified as profit-making, nonprofit, and public service corporations. A profit-making corporation is a private corporation organized to produce a financial profit for its owners. Examples abound: banks, manufacturing and merchandising companies, and airlines. A nonprofit corporation is organized for a social, charitable, or educational purpose. Churches, colleges, fraternal societies are typically organized as nonprofit corporations. Finally, a public service corporation (also called a public utility) is generally a private company that furnishes an essential public service. Electric, gas, and water companies are examples.

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Typically, a corporation is formed as a result of the efforts of one or more persons called promoters. These individuals bring together interested persons and take the preliminary steps to form a corporation. Regardless of the promoters’ efforts, however, the resulting corporation is not liable on any contract made on its behalf. The promoters cannot bind an organization that is still to be created. Usually, though, once it comes into being, the corporation adopts the contracts and is bound by them.

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Articles of incorporation are drafted, and when submitted to the proper state official (usually the Secretary of State) they are a plan that serves as an application for incorporation. In most states, when the articles are properly filed, the corporate existence begins. The articles are signed and submitted by one or more persons called incorporators. At least one of the incorporators must have legal capacity to enter into a binding contract. Thus, the incorporators cannot all be minors.