Прочитайте текст. The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors ...: ответ на тест 933321 - Английский язык

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The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors and the barrister live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rules. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client’s witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.

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Barristers’ protection from everyday realities is increased by …

The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors and the barrister live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rules. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client’s witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.
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Barristers’ protection from everyday realities is increased by …

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Although many kinds of people working in or studying legal affairs are referred to as lawyers, the word really describes a person who has become officially qualified to act in certain legal matters because of examinations he has taken and professional experience he has gained. Most countries have different groups of lawyers who each take a particular kind of examination in order to qualify to do particular jobs. In Japan, a lawyer must decide whether he wants to take the examination to become an attorney, a public prosecutor, or a judge. In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Barristers specialize in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right to be heard, the right of audience, even in the highest courts. They are not paid directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barristers, and once appointed they cannot continue to practice as barristers. Solicitors do much of the initial preparation for cases which they then hand to barristers, as well as handling legal work which does not come before a court, such as drawing up wills, and dealing with litigation which is settled out of court. Solicitors also have a right of audience in lower courts, but in higher courts, such as the Court of Appeal, they must have a barrister argue their client’s case. In general, it can be said that barrister spends more of his time either in a courtroom or preparing his arguments for the court and a solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving advice to clients, making investigations and preparing documents.

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Barristers are employed by …

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In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional qualifications; s/he must either have been admitted to practice as a solicitor or have been called to the Bar as a barrister. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate governing body and professional rules.
The barrister is usually thought of primarily as an advocate, since this is the work in which s/he is most often engaged. Until 1990, s/he had the virtually exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts, and s/he can also appear in the inferior courts. When acting professionally, barristers are known as “counsel”. In total there were, in 1991, 6,901 barristers in practice, a number which is just about small enough to make this branch of the profession a closely-knit unit. This point is significant, bearing in mind that the senior judges in the English legal system have, until now, been drawn exclusively from the ranks of experienced counsel.

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In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional …

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HOWARD & PRATT
Ladies’ Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago, III. 60602
USA

1_______
118 Regent Street
London W1С 37D
UK

November 22nd, 2000

2_______:
Thank you for your delivery of dresses which were ordered on Nov. 4, 2000. However we wish to draw your attention to two matters.
1. Concerning the red dresses supplied: one lot of 100 (size 12) included clothes of a lighter red colour than the other sizes. We are returning them, and would ask you to replace the whole lot by 100 dresses (size 12) in the correct colour.
2. As far as your charges for air freight are concerned, we agree to pay the extra costs which you invoiced. However your costs for packing and insurance must have been lower for air cargo, and we request you to take this fact into consideration and to make an adjustment to the invoice amount. 3_______.
We look forward to your dealing with these questions without delay.

4_______.

P. PRATT, Jr
(P. Pratt)
Buyers

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JACKSON & MILES
118 Regent Street
London W1C 37D
UK

HOWARD & PRATT
Ladies’ Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago, III. 60602
USA

1_______

2_______:

The colour of the dresses about which you complain is indeed lighter than it should be. Please accept our apologies.
3_______. Alternatively you may keep this lot for sale as seconds at a reduced price of $1,120.
You are perfectly correct in saying that packing and insurance costs are normally less for cargo sent by air. May we remind you, however, that your request to send the goods by air was made at short notice. It was not possible for us to use the lighter air freight packing materials, as most of the dresses were ready for shipment by sea freight.
Furthermore, our insurance is on an open policy at a flat rate, and depends on the value of the goods, not the method of transport. For these reasons our invoice No. 14596 dated 15th Nov., 2000 is still valid, and we look forward to receiving your remittance when due.

4_______,

D.A. Leary
Manager Export Department
Seller