Прочитайте текст. Born in Edinburgh the physicist James Clerk Maxwell has been described as the most...: ответ на тест 1072611 - Английский язык

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Born in Edinburgh, the physicist James Clerk Maxwell has been described as the most brilliant scientist of the 1800s. His best-known work established a link between electromagnetism and light. This research later helped the German physicist Heinrich Hertz to build the first radio-wave transmitter. During his carrier, Maxwell produced new theories on many scientific problems of the day: the physical properties of gases; the nature of the planet Saturn’s rings; how humans perceive colors.
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What link did James Clerk Maxwell establish?

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The name of German physicist Heinrich Hertz has become a part of everyday language because of his work on electromagnetic 1_______. The hertz (Hz), the unit used to measure the frequency of electromagnetic waves, is named for the German 2_______. Hertz was inspired by the work of the 3_______ physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who had predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz designed and 4_______ equipment that proved that these waves exist and that they could be detected at a distance.

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The Italian scientist Luigi Galvani spent much of his life studying electricity. He found out that a dead frog’s legs contract when they are attached to an iron board by brass hooks. He suspected that there was electricity in the frog’s muscles, which he named animal electricity. Another Italian scientist, Alessandro Volta, challenged this idea. He believed that the two metals had reacted together to make the electricity. Neither theory was entirely correct. Galvani also carried out experiments with electric charges. An instrument for measuring electric current is called a galvanometer in his honor.

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Rays of light like all forms of energy that travel in waves can be reflected. Light rays are reflected. Light rays are reflected when they hit a shiny or silvered surface, such as a still pool of water or a mirror. Reflection involves two light rays and the reflected, or outgoing, ray, which bounces off the reflecting surface. The two rays are at identical angles to the reflecting surface on either side of an imaginary line.

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The discovery of X-rays in 1895 by the Prussian physicist Wilhelm Rontgen saw the beginning of a new age of physics. Thinking that the rays were unrelated to light and being uncertain of their nature, he called them X-rays. Rontgen discovered that when X-rays were directed through the body of a living person, the bones cast shadows on a photographic plate placed behind the body. X-rays are now also used in concentrated doses to treat cancer. Rontgen was the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize for physics, which he received in 1901. The name Rontgen is now given to a unit of radiation, either X-rays or gamma rays.

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Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician. 1_______. He wrote some works in Latin. 2_______. He lived and worked in many different European countries. Descartes developed the science of geometry into the discipline that most schoolchildren know today. 3_______. He is generally accepted to be the father of modern Western philosophy. 4_______.