Вопрос № 1072611 - Английский язык

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The name of German physicist Heinrich Hertz has become a part of everyday language because of his work on electromagnetic 1_______. The hertz (Hz), the unit used to measure the frequency of electromagnetic waves, is named for the German 2_______. Hertz was inspired by the work of the 3_______ physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who had predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz designed and 4_______ equipment that proved that these waves exist and that they could be detected at a distance.

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Radio waves
1. Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1865 by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. He then proposed equations that described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory. Many inventions followed, making practical the use of radio waves to transfer information through space.
2. The study of electromagnetic phenomena such as reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction and absorption is of critical importance in the study of how radio waves move in free space and over the surface of the Earth. Different frequencies experience different combinations of these phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere, making certain radio bands more useful for specific purposes than others.
3. In order to receive radio signals, for instance from AM/FM radio stations, a radio antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary to tune in to a particular frequency (or frequency range). This is typically done via a resonator (in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor). The resonator is configured to resonate at a particular frequency (or frequency band), thus amplifying sine waves at that radio frequency, while ignoring other sine waves. Usually, either the inductor or the capacitor of the resonator is adjustable, allowing the user to change the frequency at which it resonates.
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What property of radio waves caused making a lot of other important inventions?

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The Italian scientist Luigi Galvani spent much of his life studying electricity. He found out that a dead frog’s legs contract when they are attached to an iron board by brass hooks. He suspected that there was electricity in the frog’s muscles, which he named animal electricity. Another Italian scientist, Alessandro Volta, challenged this idea. He believed that the two metals had reacted together to make the electricity. Neither theory was entirely correct. Galvani also carried out experiments with electric charges. An instrument for measuring electric current is called a galvanometer in his honor.

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Rays of light like all forms of energy that travel in waves can be reflected. Light rays are reflected. Light rays are reflected when they hit a shiny or silvered surface, such as a still pool of water or a mirror. Reflection involves two light rays and the reflected, or outgoing, ray, which bounces off the reflecting surface. The two rays are at identical angles to the reflecting surface on either side of an imaginary line.

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The discovery of X-rays in 1895 by the Prussian physicist Wilhelm Rontgen saw the beginning of a new age of physics. Thinking that the rays were unrelated to light and being uncertain of their nature, he called them X-rays. Rontgen discovered that when X-rays were directed through the body of a living person, the bones cast shadows on a photographic plate placed behind the body. X-rays are now also used in concentrated doses to treat cancer. Rontgen was the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize for physics, which he received in 1901. The name Rontgen is now given to a unit of radiation, either X-rays or gamma rays.

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Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician. 1_______. He wrote some works in Latin. 2_______. He lived and worked in many different European countries. Descartes developed the science of geometry into the discipline that most schoolchildren know today. 3_______. He is generally accepted to be the father of modern Western philosophy. 4_______.