Вопрос № 800710 - Английский язык

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A felony is a crime of a serious nature. It exists when the act:
1) is labeled so by law or
2) is punishable by death or confinement for more than one year in prison.
Murder, kidnapping, arson, rape, robbery, burglary, embezzlement, forgery, larceny (also called theft) of large sums, and perjury are examples of felonies. A person who lies when under oath commits perjury.

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Crime violates the laws of community, state or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these laws. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most countries consider as crimes such offences as arson, bigamy, burglary, forgery, murder, and treason.
Not all offences against the law are crimes. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the criminal law. This law defines as crimes those offences considered most harmful to the community. On the other hand, a person may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the civil law. The common law recognizes three classes of crime: treason, felony, and misdemenour. Death or life imprisonment is the usual penalty for treason. Laws in the USA, for example, define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a term of one year or more in a state or federal prison. A person who commits a misdemenour may be punished by a fine or a jail term of less one year.

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Government is the 1_________through which the public will be expressed and made effective. Sometimes the 2__________ will be voiced by the people directly, through the agency of the initiate and referendum, but more often it is made by manifest by action of their elected representatives in 3__________, 4________ and municipal councils.

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A contract is an agreement, which is enforced by law. This agreement normally results from an exchange of promises.
For example, a husband and wife want their house painted. A painter examines the building and offers (promises) to do the job for $1,500 during the next month. The owners could accept the offer by promising to pay the price. For a contract to arise, the painter as offerer (one who makes the offer) must make a definite offer, and generally the offeree (one to whom the offer is made) must accept the offer exactly as presented. Of course, the parties may negotiate additional details. The homeowners could reject the offer by demanding a lower price or earlier completion. The painter, in turn, could accept or reject such a counteroffer. Without both offer and acceptance, there is no agreement. No particular language need be used. The intent of the parties is the important thing.
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Who is the offeree?

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An offer is a proposal by an offerer to do or not to do some specific thing in the future, provided the offeree agrees with stated conditions. If the offeree accepts the proposal, a contract arises. Generally, to be an offer, a proposal must be:
1) intended to create a legal obligation
2) definite, and
3) communicated to the offeree.
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What characteristics must a proposal have to become an offer?

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The offerer must intend to create a legal obligation if the proposal is accepted. People often make agreements that no one considers legally enforceable. For example, if two friends make a date to go to the movies, no contract is intended or formed. If either breaks the date, the other may be offended but cannot sue. There is no legal remedy (legal means to enforce a right). That is because social invitations are not intended to create legal obligations.
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What does legal mean?