Вопрос № 1072209 - Английский язык

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Radio waves
1. Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1865 by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. He then proposed equations that described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory. Many inventions followed, making practical the use of radio waves to transfer information through space.
2. The study of electromagnetic phenomena such as reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction and absorption is of critical importance in the study of how radio waves move in free space and over the surface of the Earth. Different frequencies experience different combinations of these phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere, making certain radio bands more useful for specific purposes than others.
3. In order to receive radio signals, for instance from AM/FM radio stations, a radio antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary to tune in to a particular frequency (or frequency range). This is typically done via a resonator (in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor). The resonator is configured to resonate at a particular frequency (or frequency band), thus amplifying sine waves at that radio frequency, while ignoring other sine waves. Usually, either the inductor or the capacitor of the resonator is adjustable, allowing the user to change the frequency at which it resonates.
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Electromagnetic waves are used …

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Radio waves
1. Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1865 by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. He then proposed equations that described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory. Many inventions followed, making practical the use of radio waves to transfer information through space.
2. The study of electromagnetic phenomena such as reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction and absorption is of critical importance in the study of how radio waves move in free space and over the surface of the Earth. Different frequencies experience different combinations of these phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere, making certain radio bands more useful for specific purposes than others.
3. In order to receive radio signals, for instance from AM/FM radio stations, a radio antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary to tune in to a particular frequency (or frequency range). This is typically done via a resonator (in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor). The resonator is configured to resonate at a particular frequency (or frequency band), thus amplifying sine waves at that radio frequency, while ignoring other sine waves. Usually, either the inductor or the capacitor of the resonator is adjustable, allowing the user to change the frequency at which it resonates.
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The Universe contains everything that exists – not only the 1_______ and everything on it, but also all the planets, stars, and galaxies, and the space in between them. The sun, at the center of the solar system, is just one of about 100 billion stars in our galaxy, or collection of stars, called the Milky Way. 2_______ have estimated that there are about 100 billion other galaxies in the universe. Most scientists 3_______that the universe formed about 15 billion years ago in an enormous explosion called the big bang. They also think that 4_______ is expanding.

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The part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can 1_______ living organisms is called the biosphere. This consists of the air and land, as well as lakes, rivers, and oceans. 2_______ usually live alongside other members of the same species to form a population. Lots of different populations share the same habitat. Together, they all form a community. The members of a 3_______ constantly react with one another and their environment, creating a balanced, living system called an ecosystem, such as an ocean or a forest. The study of all these interactions is called 4_______.

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The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei revolutionized astronomy. Galileo developed the telescope and made important discoveries about the planets and the sun. His observations confirmed the work of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus who believed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. This finding went against the Church’s teaching that the Earth is the center of the universe, and the Church punished Galileo. Galileo suggested the use of the pendulum in clocks and also discovered an important principle about gravity.
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What did Galileo Galilei believe?

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. It is called “organic” because scientists used to think that these compounds were found only in living things or fossils. However, vast numbers of different carbon-containing compounds can now be produced artificially in laboratories and factories, for use in industry. For example, drugs, plastics, and pesticides are all synthetic organic substances. About 4.5 million of the 5 million compounds known today contain carbon.
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What is organic chemistry?