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Containing the Sun – the challenges facing ITER
1. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, famously declared: «We say that we will put the sun into a box. The idea is pretty. The problem is, we don’t know how to make the box». He was talking about nuclear fusion reactors, and the «box» is the casing of the reactor. But what should the box be made of? This is the problem that materials scientists around the world are working on in preparation for the construction of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor).
2. ITER will be the next stage of research into nuclear fusion, and aims to pave the way for commercial fusion reactors by developing the necessary technologies and processes. The reactor will reproduce the nuclear reactions that occur in the sun using super-heated gas, or plasma, in a tokamak. The tokamak generates an intense doughnut-shaped magnetic field which confines the plasma and allows fusion to take place.
3. The ITER fusion reactor itself has been designed to produce 500 megawatts of output power for 50 megawatts of input power, or ten times the amount of energy put in. The machine is expected to demonstrate the principle of producing more energy from the fusion process than is used to initiate it, something that has not yet been achieved with previous fusion reactors.
4. ITER is currently building the world’s largest experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor at the Cadarache facility in the south of France. The project is funded and run by seven member entities – the European Union (EU), India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States. Construction of the facility began in 2007, and the first plasma is expected to be produced in 2020.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What device will be used for nuclear energy production in the ITER fusion reactor?
The tokamak is the device which allows nuclear fusion to take place.
The reactor will reproduce the nuclear reactions that occur in the sun using plasma.
The scientists are going to use some «box» containing the reactor.
For this purpose the scientists will use the tokamak.
